Influence of Hydrogen on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Ammonia Direct Injection Engine

Park, Cheolwoong; Jang, Yonghun; Kim, Seonyeob; Kim, Yongrae; Choi, Young

doi:10.3390/gases3040010

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Hydrogen on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Ammonia Direct Injection Engine

by

Cheolwoong Park

^1,*

,

Yonghun Jang

²,

Seonyeob Kim

¹

,

Yongrae Kim

¹

and

Young Choi

¹

Department of Mobility Power Research, Eco-Friendly Energy Conversion Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea

²

Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Gases 2023, 3(4), 144-157; https://doi.org/10.3390/gases3040010

Submission received: 7 August 2023 / Revised: 25 September 2023 / Accepted: 10 October 2023 / Published: 16 October 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions from Combustion Sources)

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Abstract

Because ammonia is easier to store and transport over long distances than hydrogen, it is a promising research direction as a potential carrier for hydrogen. However, its low ignition and combustion rates pose challenges for running conventional ignition engines solely on ammonia fuel over the entire operational range. In this study, we attempted to identify a stable engine combustion zone using a high-pressure direct injection of ammonia fuel into a 2.5 L spark ignition engine and examined the potential for extending the operational range by adding hydrogen. As it is difficult to secure combustion stability in a low-temperature atmosphere, the experiment was conducted in a sufficiently-warmed atmosphere (90 ± 2.5 °C), and the combustion, emission, and efficiency results under each operating condition were experimentally compared. At 1500 rpm, the addition of 10% hydrogen resulted in a notable 20.26% surge in the maximum torque, reaching 263.5 Nm, in contrast with the case where only ammonia fuel was used. Furthermore, combustion stability was ensured at a torque of 140 Nm by reducing the fuel and air flow rates.

Keywords: ammonia; in-cylinder direct injection; hydrogen addition; torque; speed; operation range

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MDPI and ACS Style

Park, C.; Jang, Y.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y.; Choi, Y. Influence of Hydrogen on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Ammonia Direct Injection Engine. Gases 2023, 3, 144-157. https://doi.org/10.3390/gases3040010

AMA Style

Park C, Jang Y, Kim S, Kim Y, Choi Y. Influence of Hydrogen on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Ammonia Direct Injection Engine. Gases. 2023; 3(4):144-157. https://doi.org/10.3390/gases3040010

Chicago/Turabian Style

Park, Cheolwoong, Yonghun Jang, Seonyeob Kim, Yongrae Kim, and Young Choi. 2023. "Influence of Hydrogen on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Ammonia Direct Injection Engine" Gases 3, no. 4: 144-157. https://doi.org/10.3390/gases3040010

APA Style

Park, C., Jang, Y., Kim, S., Kim, Y., & Choi, Y. (2023). Influence of Hydrogen on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Ammonia Direct Injection Engine. Gases, 3(4), 144-157. https://doi.org/10.3390/gases3040010

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Influence of Hydrogen on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Ammonia Direct Injection Engine

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