Program of Early Detection of Pulmonary Neoplasms by the Computed Tomography—Preliminary Szczecin Experience

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) remains one of the most serious epidemiological and clinical challenges both in the world and Poland. Results of LC therapy are far from satisfaction. One of the reasons of high LC mortality is its late detection. Currently, few centers in the world conduct LC screening programs based on low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) of the chest. There have been no such programs in Poland up to date. Material and methods: The program of LC early detection based on CT for citizens of Szczecin aged 55–65, who smoked at least 20 pack/years, was introduced on May 1st 2008 and was planned for 3 years. There were 3647 subjects examined till December 31st 2008. Algorithm of further action for detected lesions was based on the IELCAP and NELSON trial protocols. Results: There were 25 malignancies detected, including 21 LC (17 females and 4 males) up to date (70% were in stage ITNM). In contrast—there was only 16.8% stage IA LC detected in the comparable group diagnosed on the symptoms basis. Fifty seven patients were treated surgically, of whom 16 underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy coupled with radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy. There were 3 wedge resections and 2 segmentectomies performed, too. Perioperative mortality was 0%. There were 32 benign lesions of different clinical importance resected as well (tuberculoma, hamartoma, inflammatory, mycotic and sarcoidal lesions). In our group 1365 lesions were detected in 996 persons—they are followed up in accordance with the IELCAP algorithm. Conclusions: Early LC detection program initiated in Szczecin resulted in significant increase of stage IA TNM detectedpatients subsequently treated radically. There was also a large number of small non malignant lesions detected.