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Volume 85
Issue 4
10.5603/ARM.2017.0037
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Advances in Respiratory Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 90 Issue 4 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Via Medica.
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Review

Network of Breathing. Multifunctional Role of the Diaphragm: A Review

by
Janusz Kocjan
1,*,
Mariusz Adamek
1,
Bożena Gzik-Zroska
2,
Damian Czyżewski
1 and
Mateusz Rydel
1
1
Chair and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
2
Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Adv. Respir. Med. 2017, 85(4), 224-232; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2017.0037
Submission received: 20 March 2017 / Revised: 1 July 2017 / Accepted: 1 July 2017 / Published: 31 July 2017

Abstract

The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in active inspiration and serves also as an important anatomical landmark that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity. However, the diaphragm muscle like other structures and organs in the human body has more than one function, and displays many anatomic links throughout the body, thereby forming a ‘network of breathing’. Besides respiratory function, it is important for postural control as it stabilises the lumbar spine during loading tasks. It also plays a vital role in the vascular and lymphatic systems, as well as, is greatly involved in gastroesophageal functions such as swallowing, vomiting, and contributing to the gastroesophageal reflux barrier. In this paper we set out in detail the anatomy and embryology of the diaphragm and attempt to show it serves as both: an important exchange point of information, originating in different areas of the body, and a source of information in itself. The study also discusses all of its functions related to breathing.
Keywords: diaphragm; breathing; diaphragm function diaphragm; breathing; diaphragm function

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kocjan, J.; Adamek, M.; Gzik-Zroska, B.; Czyżewski, D.; Rydel, M. Network of Breathing. Multifunctional Role of the Diaphragm: A Review. Adv. Respir. Med. 2017, 85, 224-232. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2017.0037

AMA Style

Kocjan J, Adamek M, Gzik-Zroska B, Czyżewski D, Rydel M. Network of Breathing. Multifunctional Role of the Diaphragm: A Review. Advances in Respiratory Medicine. 2017; 85(4):224-232. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2017.0037

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kocjan, Janusz, Mariusz Adamek, Bożena Gzik-Zroska, Damian Czyżewski, and Mateusz Rydel. 2017. "Network of Breathing. Multifunctional Role of the Diaphragm: A Review" Advances in Respiratory Medicine 85, no. 4: 224-232. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2017.0037

APA Style

Kocjan, J., Adamek, M., Gzik-Zroska, B., Czyżewski, D., & Rydel, M. (2017). Network of Breathing. Multifunctional Role of the Diaphragm: A Review. Advances in Respiratory Medicine, 85(4), 224-232. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2017.0037

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