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Volume 86
Issue 3
10.5603/ARM.2018.0020
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Advances in Respiratory Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 90 Issue 4 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Via Medica.
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Case Report

Difficulties in the Treatment of Recurring Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Accompanying Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review

by
Piotr Janowiak
1,*,
Alicja Siemińska
1,
Maria Porzezińska
1,
Żaneta Smoleńska
2,
Hanna Suchanek
2 and
Ewa Jassem
1
1
Department of Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
2
Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Connective Tissue Diseases and Geriatrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Adv. Respir. Med. 2018, 86(3), 126-130; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2018.0020
Submission received: 1 May 2018 / Revised: 26 June 2018 / Accepted: 26 June 2018 / Published: 30 June 2018

Abstract

Pulmonary embolism is the most common pulmonary manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS). However, PAPS may manifest in the respiratory system also due to non-thrombotic processes. In the following paper we present a case of PAPS-related diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Because of sparse literature and a lack of randomized controlled trials, there are currently no recommendations regarding the optimal choice of steroid-sparing agent in treating PAPS-related DAH. In our patient, treatment with cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil along with low dose prednisone was ineffective, partially because of infectious complications, whereas addition of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin to mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone, appears to control the disease.
Keywords: antiphospholipid syndrome; intravenous immunoglobulins; hemorrhage; mycophenolic acid; cyclophosphamide antiphospholipid syndrome; intravenous immunoglobulins; hemorrhage; mycophenolic acid; cyclophosphamide

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MDPI and ACS Style

Janowiak, P.; Siemińska, A.; Porzezińska, M.; Smoleńska, Ż.; Suchanek, H.; Jassem, E. Difficulties in the Treatment of Recurring Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Accompanying Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. Adv. Respir. Med. 2018, 86, 126-130. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2018.0020

AMA Style

Janowiak P, Siemińska A, Porzezińska M, Smoleńska Ż, Suchanek H, Jassem E. Difficulties in the Treatment of Recurring Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Accompanying Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. Advances in Respiratory Medicine. 2018; 86(3):126-130. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2018.0020

Chicago/Turabian Style

Janowiak, Piotr, Alicja Siemińska, Maria Porzezińska, Żaneta Smoleńska, Hanna Suchanek, and Ewa Jassem. 2018. "Difficulties in the Treatment of Recurring Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Accompanying Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review" Advances in Respiratory Medicine 86, no. 3: 126-130. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2018.0020

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