Infants Hospitalized with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Were More Likely to Develop Asthma
Abstract
:Highlights
- Lower respiratory tract infections in infancy may be involved in the development of asthma.
- The severity of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized infants but not the particular viral pathogen causing the infection may be associated with later asthma onset.
- The modulation of the immune response to lower respiratory tract infections in infancy might be a therapeutic target for the prevention of asthma and/or recurrent wheezing.
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Choose an Answer from Five Options for Each Question. |
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Q1: Have you ever had a cough or wheezing (beeping breath sounds) after discharge? A1: Not at all. A2: Almost none. A3: Occasionally (Once or twice a year) A4: Sometimes (once a month, or more than 3 times in total after discharge.) A5: Common (more than twice a month) Q2: Have you ever been diagnosed or suspected of having bronchial asthma at a medical institution (hospital, clinic, etc.) after discharge? A1: Not at all. A2: Almost none. Doctor said, “prone to coughing”. A3: Occasionally. Although not diagnosed with asthma, doctor said, “weak bronchi”. A4: Doctor said, “maybe or suspected asthma”, or “You have a lot of coughing and wheezing.” A5: Doctor said, “asthma (diagnosed asthma)”. Q3: Have you ever been prescribed a medicine for bronchial asthma (leukotriene receptor antagonists, beta agonists, and inhaled corticosteroids, etc.) at a medical institution after discharge? A1: Not at all. A2: Almost none. A3: Occasionally (Only when coughing or wheezing occurs once or twice a year) A4: Sometimes (once a month, or more than 3 times in total after discharge.) A5: Common (more than twice a month, or prescribed on a regular basis) |
URTIs | LRTIs | |
---|---|---|
(n = 29) | (n = 87) | |
Diagnosis (n) | Upper respiratory tract inflammation 14 | Bronchitis 31 |
Pharyngeal tonsillitis 15 | Pneumonia 41 | |
Bronchiolitis 15 | ||
Pathogen (n) | Flu A 3 | RSV 37 |
ADV 3 | hMPV 14 | |
RSV 2 | Flu A 2 | |
Undetected 21 | ADV 2 | |
Undetected 32 |
URTIs | LRTIs | |
---|---|---|
(n = 29) | (n = 87) | |
Sex (M/F) (n) | 19/10 | 55/32 |
Age at questionnaire (months) | 36 (36–37) | 36 (36–37) |
Age at admission (months) | 6 (0–23) | 7 (0–23) |
Family history (n) | 7 | 22 |
WBC (/µL) | 11,600 (5200–33,300) | 11,100 (1700–32,500) |
IgE (IU/mL) | 43.8 (12.0–206.9) | 39.3 (12.0–320.1) |
CRP (mg/dL) | 1.70 (0.05–13.08) | 1.01 (0.01–15.27) |
Hospitalization (days) | 5 (2–11) | 6 (3–14) * |
Results of questionnaire | ||
Q1 Symptoms of asthma (n), (%) | 6 (20.7%) | 28 (32.2%) |
Q2 Diagnosis of asthma (n), (%) | 2 (6.9%) | 28 (32.2%) OR 6.4 (95%CI 1.4–28.9) * |
Q3 Prescription of asthma (n), (%) | 8 (27.6%) | 43 (49.4%) OR 2.6 (95%CI 1.0–6.4) * |
Bronchitis | Pneumonia | Bronchiolitis | |
---|---|---|---|
(n =31) | (n = 41) | (n = 15) | |
Sex (M/F) (n) | 21/10 | 26/15 | 8/7 |
Age at questionnaire (months) | 36 (36–37) | 36 (36–37) | 36 (36–37) |
Age at admission (months) | 5 (0–17) | 11(0–23) * | 2 (0–7) * |
Family history (n) | 7 | 11 | 4 |
WBC (/µL) | 11,100 (1700–20,300) | 11,300 (4100–32,500) | 10,000 (5000–14,300) |
IgE (IU/mL) | 37.5 (12.0–320.1) | 42.5 (12.0–285.4) | 38.4 (12.0–305.4) |
CRP (mg/dL) | 1.15 (0.01–6.8) | 1.62 (0.03–15.27) * | 0.33 (0.01–7.41) * |
Hospitalization (days) | 5 (3–12) | 6 (3–14) * | 6 (5–14) * |
Results of questionnaire | |||
Q1 Symptoms of asthma (n) | 6 | 16 | 6 |
Q2 Diagnosis of asthma (n) | 4 | 17 OR 4.8 (95%CI 1.4–16.2) * | 7 OR 5.9 (95%CI 1.4–25.4) * |
Q3 Prescription of asthma (n) | 13 | 21 | 9 |
RSV | hMPV | Undetected | |
---|---|---|---|
(n =37) | (n = 14) | (n = 32) | |
Sex (M/F) (n) | 23/14 | 8/6 | 20/12 |
Age at questionnaire (months) | 36 (36–37) | 36 (36–37) | 36 (36–37) |
Age at admission (months) | 4 (0–21) | 15(4–23) * | 7 (1–22) * |
Family history (n) | 9 | 4 | 8 |
WBC (/µL) | 10,000 (1700–32,500) | 9400 (4100–17,900) | 12,150 (8800–22,300) |
IgE (IU/mL) | 40.3(12.0–305.4) | 38.2 (12.0–280.6) | 37.7 (12.0–320.1) |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.42 (0.01–7.41) | 1.23 (0.03–10.23) * | 2.15 (0.01–15.27) * |
Hospitalization (days) | 6 (4–14) | 5.5 (3–13) | 6 (3–13) |
Results of questionnaire | |||
Q1 Symptoms of asthma (n) | 9 | 5 | 13 |
Q2 Diagnosis of asthma (n) | 9 | 6 | 13 |
Q3 Prescription of asthma (n) | 15 | 8 | 18 |
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Zaitsu, M.; Morita, S. Infants Hospitalized with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Were More Likely to Develop Asthma. Adv. Respir. Med. 2022, 90, 246-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/arm90040034
Zaitsu M, Morita S. Infants Hospitalized with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Were More Likely to Develop Asthma. Advances in Respiratory Medicine. 2022; 90(4):246-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/arm90040034
Chicago/Turabian StyleZaitsu, Masafumi, and Shun Morita. 2022. "Infants Hospitalized with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Were More Likely to Develop Asthma" Advances in Respiratory Medicine 90, no. 4: 246-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/arm90040034