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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Case Report

Deer Horn Sign in Congestive Hepatopathy Due to Heart Failure

by
Thomas Ferenc
1,*,
Andro Matković
1,
Jelena Svetec
1,
Filip Brkić
1,
Tomica Bratić
1,
Vitorio Perić
1 and
Vinko Vidjak
1,2
1
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Reports 2025, 8(2), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020079
Submission received: 25 March 2025 / Revised: 15 May 2025 / Accepted: 20 May 2025 / Published: 23 May 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background and Clinical Significance: The deer horn sign is an ultrasonographic (US) finding suggesting congestive hepatopathy. It is composed of dilated intrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) representing the deer’s head and dilated hepatic veins (HVs) representing its horns. Case Presentation: A 72-year-old female patient presented with a one-week history of dull pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant. Her medical records showed that she had previously experienced cardiovascular problems; however, she is without any recent heart failure symptoms. The transabdominal US demonstrated the deer horn sign and hemodynamic changes in the hepatic venous drainage, which is suggestive of congestive hepatopathy. An echocardiogram revealed congestive heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction, mild-to-moderate mitral and tricuspid valve insufficiency, and severe aortic valve stenosis with mild aortic valve insufficiency. Conclusions: The definite diagnosis of heart failure is based on clinical and laboratory features; however, this sign may be helpful for diagnosis in emergency settings.
Keywords: congestive hepatopathy; congestive heart failure; deer horn sign; ultrasonography congestive hepatopathy; congestive heart failure; deer horn sign; ultrasonography

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ferenc, T.; Matković, A.; Svetec, J.; Brkić, F.; Bratić, T.; Perić, V.; Vidjak, V. Deer Horn Sign in Congestive Hepatopathy Due to Heart Failure. Reports 2025, 8, 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020079

AMA Style

Ferenc T, Matković A, Svetec J, Brkić F, Bratić T, Perić V, Vidjak V. Deer Horn Sign in Congestive Hepatopathy Due to Heart Failure. Reports. 2025; 8(2):79. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020079

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ferenc, Thomas, Andro Matković, Jelena Svetec, Filip Brkić, Tomica Bratić, Vitorio Perić, and Vinko Vidjak. 2025. "Deer Horn Sign in Congestive Hepatopathy Due to Heart Failure" Reports 8, no. 2: 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020079

APA Style

Ferenc, T., Matković, A., Svetec, J., Brkić, F., Bratić, T., Perić, V., & Vidjak, V. (2025). Deer Horn Sign in Congestive Hepatopathy Due to Heart Failure. Reports, 8(2), 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020079

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