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Article

An Overview of Germanic Grisailles through the Stained-Glass Collection at Pena Palace

by
Alexandra Rodrigues
1,*,†,‡,
Mathilda L. Coutinho
2,‡,
Carla Machado
1,3,‡,
Luís Cerqueira Alves
4,
Andreia Machado
1 and
Márcia Vilarigues
1,3,*
1
Research Unit VICARTE—Glass and Ceramics for the Arts, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
2
Laboratório Hercules, Universidade de Évora, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
3
Department of Conservation and Restoration, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
4
C2TN (Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear), IST/UL, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: CENIMAT|i3N, Materials Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus da Caparica, Largo da Torre, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal.
‡
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Heritage 2022, 5(2), 1003-1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020055
Submission received: 16 February 2022 / Revised: 23 March 2022 / Accepted: 3 May 2022 / Published: 15 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Stained Glass Research: Materials, Production Techniques and Conservation)
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Abstract

The lack of studies reporting the characterisation of Germanic grisaille is evident, despite the recent interest of researchers in this glass painting material. This work consists of the first assessment of Germanic grisaille’ chemical composition on a wide chronology (14th–19th centuries), that was only possible through the unique stained-glass collection of King Ferdinand II of Portugal. From the considerable amount of panels produced in Germanic territory and assembled by Ferdinand, twenty-two panels were characterised, and some trends of glass support typical composition and grisaille recipes were verified through this case study. A copper-based grisaille appears to have been the preference up to the 18th century. The 19th century shows higher diversity in composition, with new compounds (such as Co, Cr, Mn) appearing as colourising materials. However, with a limited number of analyses, and dispersed throughout time and different geographic locations, the results of this study are unprecedented, by being able to present the first overview on grisaille composition in Germanic stained glasses.
Keywords: grisaille; stained glass; chemical composition; Germanic productions; 14th–19th centuries grisaille; stained glass; chemical composition; Germanic productions; 14th–19th centuries

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rodrigues, A.; Coutinho, M.L.; Machado, C.; Cerqueira Alves, L.; Machado, A.; Vilarigues, M. An Overview of Germanic Grisailles through the Stained-Glass Collection at Pena Palace. Heritage 2022, 5, 1003-1023. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020055

AMA Style

Rodrigues A, Coutinho ML, Machado C, Cerqueira Alves L, Machado A, Vilarigues M. An Overview of Germanic Grisailles through the Stained-Glass Collection at Pena Palace. Heritage. 2022; 5(2):1003-1023. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020055

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigues, Alexandra, Mathilda L. Coutinho, Carla Machado, Luís Cerqueira Alves, Andreia Machado, and Márcia Vilarigues. 2022. "An Overview of Germanic Grisailles through the Stained-Glass Collection at Pena Palace" Heritage 5, no. 2: 1003-1023. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020055

APA Style

Rodrigues, A., Coutinho, M. L., Machado, C., Cerqueira Alves, L., Machado, A., & Vilarigues, M. (2022). An Overview of Germanic Grisailles through the Stained-Glass Collection at Pena Palace. Heritage, 5(2), 1003-1023. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020055

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