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Article

Preliminary Assessment of Cooling Water Chemistry for Fusion Power Plants

by
Eugenio Lo Piccolo
1,
Raffaele Torella
1,
Nicholas Terranova
2,
Luigi Di Pace
2,*,
Claudia Gasparrini
3,4 and
Mauro Dalla Palma
3
1
RINA Consulting-Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A. Roma, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
2
ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, CR Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
3
Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete S.p.A.), 35127 Padova, Italy
4
Department of Materials & Centre for Nuclear Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Corros. Mater. Degrad. 2021, 2(3), 512-530; https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd2030027
Submission received: 22 June 2021 / Revised: 13 August 2021 / Accepted: 26 August 2021 / Published: 31 August 2021
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Abstract

The determination of the water chemistry for cooling systems of nuclear fusion plants is under debate. It should be tailored for different types of fusion reactors: either experimental, e.g., ITER, JT-60SA, and DTT, or aimed at power generation, e.g., DEMO, given the different operation requirements. This paper presents the dual approach involving experiments and computer simulations chosen for the definition of DEMO water chemistry. Experimental work was performed to assess the corrosion susceptibility of reduced activation ferritic martensitic EUROFER 97 and AISI 316L in different water chemistry regimes. At the same time, the low corrosivity requirement brings an additional safety aspect for the radiation protection since some neutron-activated corrosion products (ACPs) create a gamma radiation when deposited outside the plasma chamber in components accessible to operators and these must be minimized. To evaluate the ACP inventory for DEMO, assessments were carried out using a reference computer code. Preliminary experimental activities to define the water chemistry of DTT under construction at ENEA were also conducted. The comparison of code results with experiments is two-fold important: for the validation of the computer code models and to determine data that are necessary to perform calculations.
Keywords: water chemistry; ACPs; RAFM EUROFER 97; fusion reactor cooling system; DEMO; DTT water chemistry; ACPs; RAFM EUROFER 97; fusion reactor cooling system; DEMO; DTT

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lo Piccolo, E.; Torella, R.; Terranova, N.; Di Pace, L.; Gasparrini, C.; Dalla Palma, M. Preliminary Assessment of Cooling Water Chemistry for Fusion Power Plants. Corros. Mater. Degrad. 2021, 2, 512-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd2030027

AMA Style

Lo Piccolo E, Torella R, Terranova N, Di Pace L, Gasparrini C, Dalla Palma M. Preliminary Assessment of Cooling Water Chemistry for Fusion Power Plants. Corrosion and Materials Degradation. 2021; 2(3):512-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd2030027

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lo Piccolo, Eugenio, Raffaele Torella, Nicholas Terranova, Luigi Di Pace, Claudia Gasparrini, and Mauro Dalla Palma. 2021. "Preliminary Assessment of Cooling Water Chemistry for Fusion Power Plants" Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2, no. 3: 512-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd2030027

APA Style

Lo Piccolo, E., Torella, R., Terranova, N., Di Pace, L., Gasparrini, C., & Dalla Palma, M. (2021). Preliminary Assessment of Cooling Water Chemistry for Fusion Power Plants. Corrosion and Materials Degradation, 2(3), 512-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd2030027

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