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Appl. Mech., Volume 6, Issue 4 (December 2025) – 1 article

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18 pages, 3975 KB  
Article
Accelerated Carbonation for Improving Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Fiber-Cements Containing Lime Sludge
by Rudicler Pereira Ramos, Felipe Vahl Ribeiro, Cristian da Conceição Gomes, Thamires Alves da Silveira, Arthur Behenck Aramburu, Neftali Lenin Villarreal Carreno, Angela Azevedo de Azevedo and Rafael de Avila Delucis
Appl. Mech. 2025, 6(4), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech6040073 - 30 Sep 2025
Abstract
The combined effects of accelerated carbonation and lime sludge incorporation on the mechanical and durability performance of fiber-cement composites were assessed in this study. Lime sludge was used to replace 0%, 10%, and 20% of the cement in the composites, which were then [...] Read more.
The combined effects of accelerated carbonation and lime sludge incorporation on the mechanical and durability performance of fiber-cement composites were assessed in this study. Lime sludge was used to replace 0%, 10%, and 20% of the cement in the composites, which were then autoclave-cured and carbonated more quickly for two or eight hours. With LS20-C8 (20% lime sludge, 8 h carbonation) achieving the highest carbonation efficiency (74.0%), X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified the gradual conversion of portlandite into well-crystallized calcium carbonate (CaCO3). In terms of mechanical performance, LS20-C8 outperformed the control by increasing toughness by 16.7%, flexural strength by 14.2%, compressive strength by 14.6%, and compressive modulus by 20.3%. The properties of LS20-C8 were better preserved after aging under wetting-drying cycles, as evidenced by lower losses of toughness (10.0%) and compressive strength (10.1%) compared to the control (14.6% and 18.3%, respectively). The mechanical improvements were explained by optical microscopy, which showed decreased porosity and an enhanced fiber–matrix interface. Overall, the findings show that adding lime sludge to accelerated carbonation improves durability, toughness, strength, and stiffness while decreasing porosity. This method helps to value industrial byproducts and is a sustainable and efficient way to create long-lasting fiber-cement composites. Full article
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