Next Article in Journal
A Half-Century of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation in Mice: The Spearhead of Immunology Research
Previous Article in Journal
Association of Acute Rejection and De Novo Renal Cell Carcinoma in Kidney Transplant Patients: An OPTN Data Analysis
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Post-Liver-Transplant Outcomes

by
Lovepreet Singh
1,*,
Ramanpreet Bajwa
2,
Sofia Molina Garcia
3,
Kristelle Imperio-Lagabon
4,
Omar T. Sims
2,5,6,* and
Jamak Modaresi Esfeh
2,6
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
2
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
3
Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
4
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
5
Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
6
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Transplantology 2024, 5(4), 288-297; https://doi.org/10.3390/transplantology5040029
Submission received: 15 July 2024 / Revised: 31 October 2024 / Accepted: 3 December 2024 / Published: 6 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Solid Organ Transplantation)

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Our study examined 5-year patient and graft survival outcomes among non-smokers, former smokers, and active smokers at the time of liver transplantation (LT) and immediate post-operative complications and short-term outcomes following LT. Methods: This was a retrospective study that examined all liver transplants occurring at Cleveland Clinic Main Campus between January 2015–October 2022. Kaplan–Meier curves examined survival outcomes, and Cox’s multivariate regression analysis was performed. Results: Over the 5-year period, patient survival did not differ statistically between patient groups (all p-values >0.05). However, graft survival was significantly lower in active smokers (p = 0.012). In the multivariate analysis, age (HR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p = 0.002) and admission to the ICU (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.13–2.50, p = 0.01) were positively associated with overall mortality. Immediate and short-term complications did not differ statistically between patient groups. Cardiovascular disease (22.5%) was the most common cause of death among all patients. Conclusions: Though our study did not show decreased patient survival outcomes, our findings are in line with previous studies that have shown that pre-transplant smoking is associated with overall reduced graft survival. Combined with the risk for de novo malignancy and cardiovascular events post transplant, smoking cessation before LT should be encouraged to ensure graft longevity.
Keywords: smoking; liver transplantation; survival; mortality; graft survival smoking; liver transplantation; survival; mortality; graft survival

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Singh, L.; Bajwa, R.; Molina Garcia, S.; Imperio-Lagabon, K.; Sims, O.T.; Modaresi Esfeh, J. Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Post-Liver-Transplant Outcomes. Transplantology 2024, 5, 288-297. https://doi.org/10.3390/transplantology5040029

AMA Style

Singh L, Bajwa R, Molina Garcia S, Imperio-Lagabon K, Sims OT, Modaresi Esfeh J. Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Post-Liver-Transplant Outcomes. Transplantology. 2024; 5(4):288-297. https://doi.org/10.3390/transplantology5040029

Chicago/Turabian Style

Singh, Lovepreet, Ramanpreet Bajwa, Sofia Molina Garcia, Kristelle Imperio-Lagabon, Omar T. Sims, and Jamak Modaresi Esfeh. 2024. "Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Post-Liver-Transplant Outcomes" Transplantology 5, no. 4: 288-297. https://doi.org/10.3390/transplantology5040029

APA Style

Singh, L., Bajwa, R., Molina Garcia, S., Imperio-Lagabon, K., Sims, O. T., & Modaresi Esfeh, J. (2024). Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Post-Liver-Transplant Outcomes. Transplantology, 5(4), 288-297. https://doi.org/10.3390/transplantology5040029

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop