Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Significance of the Contribution
2. Heterogeneous Scenarios and APT Transmission Scheme
2.1. Network Assumptions
2.2. Transmission and Operation Modes
Prioritization Scheme
3. System Model
3.1. Medium Access
3.2. Definition of the 2D-DTMCs
3.3. Solution of the 2D-DTMCs
4. Energy Consumption
4.1. Average Energy Consumed by in the Sync Period
4.2. Average Energy Consumed by in the Data Period
4.3. Average Energy Consumed by in the Data Period
4.4. Average Energy Consumed by during Awake Cycles
- Cycle 1A: is active, .
- Zero or more SNs might also be active. When other SNs are active, in addition to , the following contention outcomes are possible: (i) completes a successful PF transmission; (ii) the PF from collides; (iii) another node completes a successful PF transmission, and (iv) other nodes different from collide.
- Cycle 1B: is inactive, .
- SNs access the channel while is awake. listens to the channel to decode the RTS packet and determine the duration of the PF transmission. The following contention outcomes are possible: (i) a SN completes a successful PF transmission; (ii) multiple PFs collide.
- Cycle 1C: All SNs remain inactive, including , .
- There are active SNs that access the channel while is awake, . listens to the channel, decodes the RTS packets in collision-free cycles and determines the duration of the PF transmissions. The following contention outcomes for SNs might be possible: (i) a SN completes a successful PF transmission; (ii) multiple PFs from different SNs collide.
- Cycle 1D: All and SNs remain inactive, , while is awake.
4.4.1. Average Energy Consumed by in Type 1A Cycles
4.4.2. Average Energy Consumed by in Type 1B Cycles
4.4.3. Energy Consumption in Type 1C Cycles
4.4.4. Energy Consumption in in Type 1D Cycles
4.4.5. Average Energy Consumed by in awake Cycles
4.5. Average Energy Consumed by during Awake Cycles
- Cycle 2A: SNs are inactive , but and other SNs are active . Either or any other active SNs will access the channel, while is awake in the same cycle. The possible contention outcomes are: (a) successfully transmits a PF; (b) a PF transmitted by collides; (c) another SN successfully transmits a PF; (d) other SNs collide.
- Cycle 2B: SNs are inactive, is also inactive, but other SNs are active, . SNs access the channel in the same cycle that is awake. The possible contention outcomes are: (a) a SN successfully transmits a PF; (b) multiple SNs collide.
- Cycle 2C: All SNs are active, , while SNs, including SNs, are inactive, . The possible contention outcomes are: (a) a SN successfully transmits a PF; (b) multiple SNs collide.
- Cycle 2D: and the rest of and SNs are inactive, . Please note that in cycles of type 2D, both and might simultaneously coincide in their respective awake cycles.
4.5.1. Energy Consumption in Type 2A Cycles
4.5.2. Energy Consumption in Type 2B Cycles
4.5.3. Energy Consumption in Type 2C Cycles
4.5.4. Energy Consumption in Type 2D Cycles
4.5.5. Average Energy Consumed by in Awake Cycles
4.6. Average Energy Consumption during Normal Cycles
4.6.1. Sensor Nodes
4.6.2. Sensor Nodes
4.7. Total Average Energy Consumed by an RN in a Cycle
5. Numerical Results
5.1. Scenario and Parameter Configuration
5.2. Analytical Model Validation
5.3. Energy Consumed by and in the Data Period, the Awake and Normal Cycles
5.4. Energy Consumed by Due to PF Transmissions with Success and Failure, and Due to Overhearing
5.5. Accuracy of the New Methodology to Determine Energy Consumption
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cycle time (T) | 60 ms | Propagation delay () | 0.1 s |
, , and | 0.18 ms | Slot time () | 0.1 ms |
1.716 ms | Contention window (W) | 128 slots | |
DATA packet size (S) | 50 bytes | Queue size (Q) | 10 packets |
update supercycle () | 20 cycles | 80 supercycles | |
Transmission power () | 52 mW | Reception power () | 59 mW |
Sleep power consumption () | W | ||
Maximum frame size | packets | ||
Nodes number | Packets arrival rate (packets/s) | ||
, | , |
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Portillo, C.; Martinez-Bauset, J.; Pla, V.; Casares-Giner, V. Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations. Telecom 2024, 5, 723-746. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom5030036
Portillo C, Martinez-Bauset J, Pla V, Casares-Giner V. Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations. Telecom. 2024; 5(3):723-746. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom5030036
Chicago/Turabian StylePortillo, Canek, Jorge Martinez-Bauset, Vicent Pla, and Vicente Casares-Giner. 2024. "Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations" Telecom 5, no. 3: 723-746. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom5030036