Facial Emotion Recognition in Obesity and in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Obesity
3.1.1. Eligible Studies
3.1.2. Comments
3.2. Fibromyalgia
3.2.1. Eligible Studies
3.2.2. Comments
4. Discussion
4.1. Pain
4.2. Anthropomorphic Measures
4.3. Alexythimic Traits and Interoception
4.4. The Level of Awareness
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reference | Samples | Visual Stimuli | Targeted Emotions | Assessment of Alexithymia (If Available) | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Records relative to obesity | |||||
Koch and Pollatos [2] | 33 children (mean age: 8.59 years):
| Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database | happiness; anger; sadness; neutral expression. | - | Overweight children ↓ accuracy than [C], especially for angry and neutral expressions. |
Baldaro et al. [73] | 21 children affected by obesity (mean age: 10.7 years) with percentage of weight excess ≥ 40%. [C] 21 normal weight or moderately overweight children (mean age: 10–11 years), with 24.9 % of weight excess. | Max Planck Institute of Munich database | happiness; anger; sadness; fear. | - | Overweight children ↓ accuracy than [C]. |
Percinel et al. [74] | 30 pre-adolescents and adolescents (age 11–18 years) with obesity; BMI greater than the 95th percentile. [C] 30 pre-adolescents and adolescents (age 11–18 years) with no chronic medical illness and body mass index ranging from >25th to <75th percentile of normative data. | Ekman and Friesen database (1976) | happiness; sadness; surprise; anger; disgust; fear; neutral expressions. | - | Affected individuals ↓ accuracy than [C]. |
Surcinelli et al. [34] | 30 preadolescents and adolescents (mean age: 12.3 years) affected by obesity (BMI between 1.63 and 2.64 standard deviations from the 50th percentile of the population of Italian children). [C] 30 normal weight preadolescents and adolescents (mean age: 12.4 years), with mean of weight excess 4.2%. | Ekman and Friesen database | happiness; sadness; surprise; anger; disgust; fear; neutral expressions. | Emotional Awareness Scale | Affected individuals = accuracy than [C]. Adolescents ↑ level of alexithymia than [C]. |
Bergmann et al. [75] | 73 mothers (mean age: 30.77 years) affected by obesity (BMI ≥ 30). [C] 73 normal-weight mothers (mean age: 31.74 years), with a BMI ≤ 24.9. | Radboud Faces database | happiness; sadness; surprise; anger; disgust; fear; neutral expressions; contempt ф. | - | Affected mothers = accuracy than [C]. |
Scarpina et al. [72] | 20 women affected by obesity (mean age: 55 years); mean BMI 43.79. [C] 20 healthy-weight women (mean age: 47 years); mean BMI 22.17. | Ekman and Friesen database (1976) | angry; fear; neutral expression. | Toronto Alexithymia Scale | Affected individuals ↓ accuracy than [C] only for fear, but not anger. Patients = level of alexithymia than [C]. |
Records relative to fibromyalgia | |||||
Weiß et al. [76] | 35 affected women (mean age: 58.5 years). [C] 35 healthy women (mean age: 57.3 years). | Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database | happiness, anger; sadness; disgust; neutral expression; anxiety ф. | Toronto Alexithymia Scale | Patients ↓ accuracy than [C]. Patients ↑ level of alexithymia than [C]. |
Di Tella et al. [23] | 40 affected women (mean age: 51.75 years). [C] 41 healthy women (mean age: 51.83 years). | Ekman and Friesen database | happiness; sadness; disgust; fear; surprise; anger; neutral expression. | Toronto Alexithymia Scale | Patients ↓ accuracy than [C] only for anger and disgust. Patients ↑ level of alexithymia than [C]. |
Muñoz Ladrón de Guevara et al. [77] | Fifty-two fibromyalgia patients (mean age: 51.25 years); mean BMI: 28.29. [C] thirty-two healthy individuals (mean age: 52.94 years); mean BMI: 26.49 | Ekman and Friesen database | happiness; sadness; anger; fear; surprise; disgust. | - | Patients ↓ accuracy than [C]. |
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Vaioli, G.; Scarpina, F. Facial Emotion Recognition in Obesity and in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review. NeuroSci 2021, 2, 339-352. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040025
Vaioli G, Scarpina F. Facial Emotion Recognition in Obesity and in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review. NeuroSci. 2021; 2(4):339-352. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040025
Chicago/Turabian StyleVaioli, Giulia, and Federica Scarpina. 2021. "Facial Emotion Recognition in Obesity and in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review" NeuroSci 2, no. 4: 339-352. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040025