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Article

Response of Herbaceous and Woody Plant Species in Southern Portugal to Cope Oak Decline Associated to Phytophthora cinnamomi

by
Ana Cristina Moreira
1,*,
Manuela Rodriguez-Romero
2,
Joana Neno
1,
Abel Rodrigues
1,3,4 and
Isabel Calha
1
1
Instituto Nacional de investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
2
Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Pol. Ind. El Prado, C/Pamplona s/n, 06800 Merida, Spain
3
IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
4
GeoBiotec, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ecologies 2024, 5(3), 432-454; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies5030027
Submission received: 3 July 2024 / Revised: 19 August 2024 / Accepted: 23 August 2024 / Published: 28 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Communities: Identification, Monitoring and Evaluation of Temporal Dynamics)
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Abstract

The decline of oak canopies in Iberian woodlands is strongly influenced by abiotic and biotic stress factors, such as the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi which has the capacity to infect a wide range of plant species. Understory plant diversity plays an important role in the epidemiology of P. cinnamomi in these ecosystems. This study aimed to identify a set of woody and herbaceous plants that can impact oak decline. Twenty-two herbaceous plant species from three families, and nineteen woody plants (trees and shrubs) from seven families were assessed for their response to infection by P. cinnamomi. Most of the herbaceous species did not show evident susceptibility, only a few exhibited significant biomass root reduction and just seven were identified as hosts. Yellow lupin was the only herbaceous species showing high susceptibility. Among the woody plant species, only two shrub and two tree species exhibited disease symptoms. The other ones, mostly hosts, ranged between low susceptible and tolerant. These results highlight the possibility that many of these species can maintain the pathogen active in the soil or even increase its population. In this context, the findings of this study can contribute to effective management strategies to mitigate Phytophthora infection in woodland soils.
Keywords: susceptibility; Brassicaeae; Poaceae; Fabaceaea; Lamiaceae; Cistaceae montado susceptibility; Brassicaeae; Poaceae; Fabaceaea; Lamiaceae; Cistaceae montado

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MDPI and ACS Style

Moreira, A.C.; Rodriguez-Romero, M.; Neno, J.; Rodrigues, A.; Calha, I. Response of Herbaceous and Woody Plant Species in Southern Portugal to Cope Oak Decline Associated to Phytophthora cinnamomi. Ecologies 2024, 5, 432-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies5030027

AMA Style

Moreira AC, Rodriguez-Romero M, Neno J, Rodrigues A, Calha I. Response of Herbaceous and Woody Plant Species in Southern Portugal to Cope Oak Decline Associated to Phytophthora cinnamomi. Ecologies. 2024; 5(3):432-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies5030027

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moreira, Ana Cristina, Manuela Rodriguez-Romero, Joana Neno, Abel Rodrigues, and Isabel Calha. 2024. "Response of Herbaceous and Woody Plant Species in Southern Portugal to Cope Oak Decline Associated to Phytophthora cinnamomi" Ecologies 5, no. 3: 432-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies5030027

APA Style

Moreira, A. C., Rodriguez-Romero, M., Neno, J., Rodrigues, A., & Calha, I. (2024). Response of Herbaceous and Woody Plant Species in Southern Portugal to Cope Oak Decline Associated to Phytophthora cinnamomi. Ecologies, 5(3), 432-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies5030027

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