The Quality of Life of Caregivers of People with Type 2 Diabetes Estimated Using the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire
Highlights
- Caregiver Burden: Caregivers of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes experience significant emotional, physical, and financial burdens. This includes stress from managing daily care routines and dealing with patients' chronic complications.
- Quality of Life Impact: The study found that the quality of life of these caregivers is affected in several domains, particularly psychological health, social relationships, and environmental factors.
- Health and Well-Being: Caregivers face a higher risk of health issues, including stress-related conditions, due to their caregiving responsibilities, particularly when they have less access to support systems.
- The Need for Support Programs: There is a critical need for better support structures, such as counseling and caregiver training programs to alleviate caregiver burden.
- Healthcare Integration: Integrating caregiver support into diabetes care plans could improve patient outcomes and caregiver well-being by ensuring a more holistic approach to diabetes management.
- Policy Changes: Policymakers should consider developing targeted interventions to support caregivers, such as financial assistance, respite care, and mental health services to improve their overall quality of life.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Study Protocol
2.2. Tools and Data Acquisition
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Caregiver Characteristics
3.3. Quality of Life of Caregivers of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
3.4. The Effect of Risk Factors and Comorbidities on Caregivers’ QoL
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic Characteristics | N = 382 | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 236 | 61.8 |
Female | 146 | 38.2 | |
Age | Under 40 | 3 | 0.8 |
41 to 50 | 37 | 9.7 | |
51 to 60 | 77 | 20.2 | |
61 to 70 | 167 | 43.7 | |
Over 71 | 98 | 25.7 | |
Education | Unfinished primary school | 54 | 14.1 |
High school | 226 | 59.2 | |
College | 51 | 13.4 | |
University | 49 | 12.8 | |
Doctorate | 2 | 0.5 | |
Living with | Alone | 88 | 23.0 |
Partner | 128 | 33.5 | |
Partner and children | 122 | 31.9 | |
Children | 19 | 5.0 | |
Parents | 5 | 1.3 | |
In extended family | 20 | 5.2 | |
Number of family members | 1 person | 84 | 22.0 |
2 persons | 140 | 36.6 | |
3 persons | 65 | 17.0 | |
4 persons | 48 | 12.6 | |
5 or more persons | 45 | 11.8 |
Demographic Characteristics | N = 300 | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 98 | 32.7 |
Female | 202 | 67.3 | |
Age | Under 40 | 34 | 11.3 |
41 to 50 | 56 | 18.7 | |
51 to 60 | 81 | 27.0 | |
61 to 70 | 87 | 29.0 | |
Over 71 | 42 | 14.0 | |
Education | Unfinished primary school | 43 | 14.3 |
High school | 166 | 55.3 | |
College | 29 | 9.7 | |
University | 60 | 20.0 | |
Doctorate | 2 | 0.7 |
Complication Type | Physical Functioning (Interquartile Range) | Psychological Functioning (Interquartile Range) | Social Functioning (Interquartile Range) | Environmental Functioning (Interquartile Range) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diabetic retinopathy | 64.29 | 62.50 | 58.33 | 70.31 |
(57.14–75.00) | (54.16–83.33) | (50.00–75.00) | (53.12–78.12) | |
Diabetic neuropathy | 71.43 | 75.00 | 66.67 | 75.00 |
(60.71–82.14) | (66.66–83.33) | (50.00–75.00) | (62.50–81.25) | |
Diabetic kidney disease | 75.00 | 75.00 | 75.00 | 75.00 |
(64.28–85.71) | (62.50–83.33) | (58.33–83.33) | (71.87–84.37) | |
Diabetic foot ulcers | 71.43 | 72.92 | 70.83 | 71.88 |
(60.71–83.92) | (62.50–83.33) | (62.50–83.33) | (64.06–76.56) | |
No chronic complications | 75.00 | 70.83 | 75.00 | 75.00 |
(60.71–89.28) | (62.50–83.33) | (58.33–83.33) | (68.75–84.37) | |
Multiple complications | 71.43 | 66.67 | 66.67 | 68.75 |
(50.00–78.57) | (54.16–75.00) | (50.00–75.00) | (59.37–84.37) |
Functioning Domains | Duration of T2D | Mean Value | p | H |
---|---|---|---|---|
Physical functioning | Less than 10 years | 75.00 | 0.380 | 5.304 |
11 to 20 years | 71.43 | |||
21 to 30 years | 71.43 | |||
31 to 40 years | 71.43 | |||
More than 40 years | 62.50 | |||
Psychological functioning | Less than 10 years | 72.92 | 0.978 | 0.788 |
11 to 20 years | 70.83 | |||
21 to 30 years | 70.83 | |||
31 to 40 years | 66.67 | |||
More than 40 years | 75.00 | |||
Social functioning | Less than 10 years | 66.67 | 0.331 | 5.753 |
11 to 20 years | 66.67 | |||
21 to 30 years | 66.67 | |||
31 to 40 years | 70.83 | |||
More than 40 years | 58.33 | |||
Environmental functioning | Less than 10 years | 75.00 | 0.351 | 5.564 |
11 to 20 years | 75.00 | |||
21 to 30 years | 68.75 | |||
31 to 40 years | 75.00 | |||
More than 40 years | 76.56 |
HbA1c | Physical Functioning | Psychological Functioning | Social Functioning | Environmental Functioning |
---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation coefficient | −0.013 | −0.098 | −0.133 | −0.168 |
p | 0.821 | 0.089 | 0.021 | 0.004 |
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Kolarić, V.; Rahelić, V.; Šakić, Z. The Quality of Life of Caregivers of People with Type 2 Diabetes Estimated Using the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. Diabetology 2023, 4, 430-439. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4040037
Kolarić V, Rahelić V, Šakić Z. The Quality of Life of Caregivers of People with Type 2 Diabetes Estimated Using the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. Diabetology. 2023; 4(4):430-439. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4040037
Chicago/Turabian StyleKolarić, Vilma, Valentina Rahelić, and Zrinka Šakić. 2023. "The Quality of Life of Caregivers of People with Type 2 Diabetes Estimated Using the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire" Diabetology 4, no. 4: 430-439. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4040037