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Article

The Impact of Lifestyle Changes on the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes in Urban and Rural Indonesia: Results from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) Survey

by
Iche A. Liberty
1,*,
Farid Kurniawan
2,3,
Calysta N. Wijaya
2,
Pradana Soewondo
2,3 and
Dicky L. Tahapary
2,3,*
1
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30114, Indonesia
2
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
3
Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular and Aging Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diabetology 2024, 5(6), 537-553; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology5060039
Submission received: 1 July 2024 / Revised: 23 September 2024 / Accepted: 11 October 2024 / Published: 23 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle Behavior Intervention for Diabetes Prevention and Management: 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

(1) Background: Prediabetes represents reversible glycemic abnormalities between normal glucose regulation and diabetes. Indonesia has a high burden of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of lifestyle changes on prediabetes and diabetes in rural and urban populations. (2) Methods: This is a repeated cross-sectional study, and data were obtained from Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2013 and 2018. (3) Results: The study found that urban populations who ate >3 days/week of vegetables had a lower proportion of prediabetes and diabetes. Rural populations with 2 days/week of vegetable consumption had a higher risk of prediabetes in 2018. From 2013 to 2018, urban and rural populations consumed excessive amounts of sweet food/drink, salty food, fatty/cholesterol/fried food, and meat/chicken/fish-based food with preservatives. In 2018, urban and rural populations who consumed sweet food/drink more than once daily had a higher risk of prediabetes and diabetes. The prevalence of active physical activity declined in normoglycemic individuals, while it increased in prediabetes and diabetes in urban and rural areas. In 2013, physical activity was a protective factor for prediabetes. (4) Conclusions: Lifestyle changes impacted prediabetes and diabetes prevalence. Further research is needed to promote healthy diets and lifestyle modifications.
Keywords: lifestyle changes; prediabetes; urban; rural lifestyle changes; prediabetes; urban; rural

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liberty, I.A.; Kurniawan, F.; Wijaya, C.N.; Soewondo, P.; Tahapary, D.L. The Impact of Lifestyle Changes on the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes in Urban and Rural Indonesia: Results from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) Survey. Diabetology 2024, 5, 537-553. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology5060039

AMA Style

Liberty IA, Kurniawan F, Wijaya CN, Soewondo P, Tahapary DL. The Impact of Lifestyle Changes on the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes in Urban and Rural Indonesia: Results from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) Survey. Diabetology. 2024; 5(6):537-553. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology5060039

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liberty, Iche A., Farid Kurniawan, Calysta N. Wijaya, Pradana Soewondo, and Dicky L. Tahapary. 2024. "The Impact of Lifestyle Changes on the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes in Urban and Rural Indonesia: Results from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) Survey" Diabetology 5, no. 6: 537-553. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology5060039

APA Style

Liberty, I. A., Kurniawan, F., Wijaya, C. N., Soewondo, P., & Tahapary, D. L. (2024). The Impact of Lifestyle Changes on the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes in Urban and Rural Indonesia: Results from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) Survey. Diabetology, 5(6), 537-553. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology5060039

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