Slope Entropy Characterisation: Adding Another Interval Parameter to the Original Method †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Datasets
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- The Bern–Barcelona database [3]: A set of electroencephalographic records.
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- The Fantasia database [4]: A set of electrocardiographic records of R-R intervals.
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- The Ford A dataset [5]: A set of records obtained from industrial processes.
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- The House Twenty dataset [6]: A set of records obtained from the electricity consumption of 20 households in the UK.
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- The PAF prediction dataset [7]: A set of electrocardiographic records of R-R intervals.
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- The Bonn EEG dataset [10]: A set of electroencephalographic records.
2.2. SlpEn
2.3. Modified SlpEn Using an Additional Gradient Interval
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- If (maximum difference with respect to the parameter ), the symbol assigned is +3, indicating a large positive slope.
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- If and indicating a medium positive slope, the symbol assigned is +2.
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- If and (below ), an area that can be considered low from the point of view of positive slopes, the symbol assigned is +1.
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- In the region close to a gradient or slope of 0, when , the symbol assigned is 0. This area represents ties or equal values, which can create ambiguities in other metrics.
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- If and (above the angle when and below the 0 slope zone), the resulting symbol is −1. SlpEn uses a symmetric quantization, but an asymmetric one could be used in future studies.
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- If and is assigned as symbol −2, representing the average negative value.
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- Finally, if (maximum negative difference with respect to the parameter ), the symbol assigned is −3, indicating a large negative slope.
2.4. Classification Scheme
3. Experiments and Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Classification Accuracy | ||
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Datasets | Original SlpEn | Modified SlpEn |
The Bern–Barcelona | ||
The Fantasia | ||
The Ford A | ||
The House Twenty | ||
The PAF prediction | ||
The Worms two class | ||
The Bonn EEG dataset |
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Kouka, M.; Cuesta-Frau, D. Slope Entropy Characterisation: Adding Another Interval Parameter to the Original Method. Eng. Proc. 2023, 39, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023039067
Kouka M, Cuesta-Frau D. Slope Entropy Characterisation: Adding Another Interval Parameter to the Original Method. Engineering Proceedings. 2023; 39(1):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023039067
Chicago/Turabian StyleKouka, Mahdy, and David Cuesta-Frau. 2023. "Slope Entropy Characterisation: Adding Another Interval Parameter to the Original Method" Engineering Proceedings 39, no. 1: 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023039067