Engineering Proceedings

7 pages, 891 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Networked Symphony Orchestra in Internet of Things Courses

by Franklin Parrales-Bravo, Rosangela Caicedo-Quiroz, Julio Barzola-Monteses and Lorenzo Cevallos-Torres

Eng. Proc. 2025, 92(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092011 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) education is hindered by a deficiency of dynamic and interactive courses, in addition to a lack of components and difficulty in device configuration. These difficulties diminish students’ enthusiasm for IoT initiatives and reduce their drive and involvement. We designed [...] Read more.

Internet of Things (IoT) education is hindered by a deficiency of dynamic and interactive courses, in addition to a lack of components and difficulty in device configuration. These difficulties diminish students’ enthusiasm for IoT initiatives and reduce their drive and involvement. We designed and constructed a networked symphony orchestra using the Lego Mindstorms EV3 package as a project belonging to the IoT subject. Lego Mindstorms EV3 was selected due to its easy configuration. In this study, the knowledge obtained during the subject was utilized. In IoT courses at the University of Guayaquil, there is strong encouragement to apply the studied material to new initiatives. Through the design, the assessment of multiple technologies, and the final implementation of the project described within this paper, students were motivated for the practical application of concepts related to IoT. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th Eurasia Conference on IoT, Communication and Engineering)

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8 pages, 1090 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterization Aluminum Spot Welding with Mesh Variations of Copper Powder Added on 40, 50, and 60 Meshing

by Pramuko Ilmu Purboputro and Patna Partono

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084089 - 22 Apr 2025

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of adding copper powder with different mesh sizes on the welding point, as well as the resulting tensile strength, micro photo and hardness. The raw material of this research is aluminum type 1100. The tests included [...] Read more.

This study aims to determine the effect of adding copper powder with different mesh sizes on the welding point, as well as the resulting tensile strength, micro photo and hardness. The raw material of this research is aluminum type 1100. The tests included tensile strength tests (ASME QW-4629 standard), micro photo tests with a metallographic microscope, and Vickers tests (AWS D8.9-97 standard). The results of the tensile strength test rank mesh 40 (556.38), mesh 50 (739.13) and mesh 60 (1316.10) in descending order of tensile strength. The highest value of hardness is in the fusion zone (nugget). The last heat affected zone is in the base metal area and the order of hardness is, in descending order, mesh size 60, 50, and lastly, 40. For micro images, all of the results obtained are the same because they use the same material. The widest melted area in the welding area is on the 60 mesh and it decreases proportionally with the larger meshes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 5675 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integrated Framework for Manufacturing, Design, and Monitoring of Composite-Bonded Joints: An Overview of the Results of the IDEA Project (MOST)

by Marino Quaresimin, Paolo Andrea Carraro, Federico Lamon, Silvia Giovanna Avataneo, Matteo Basso, Andrea Merulla, Umberto Galietti, Ester D’Accardi, Davide Palumbo, Massimiliano De Agostinis, Mattia Mele, Monica Ferraris, Alessandro Benelli and Koshika Pandey

Eng. Proc. 2025, 85(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025085053 - 22 Apr 2025

Abstract

The IDEA project, developed in the frame of MOST—National Centre for Sustainable Mobility—addressed the growing need for reliable bonded joints in fibre-reinforced polymer composite structures used in transportation. Purely bonded joints are preferred for their lightweight and cost-efficient properties, but contamination and defect [...] Read more.

The IDEA project, developed in the frame of MOST—National Centre for Sustainable Mobility—addressed the growing need for reliable bonded joints in fibre-reinforced polymer composite structures used in transportation. Purely bonded joints are preferred for their lightweight and cost-efficient properties, but contamination and defect detection issues often make them unreliable. To solve this, the project developed innovative surface treatments, a methodology for the safe, optimized design of bonded joints, and structural health monitoring solutions, viable for real-time assessment. These advancements aim to increase the reliability and safety of bonded connections, helping industries adopt lighter, purely bonded joints over heavier, hybrid bonded/bolted options. Full article

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11 pages, 4036 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Application of an Energy Management System Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

by Hongye Lin, Xuanying Bai, Chun Li, Shenghan Xu, Haibin Xu, Zne-Jung Lee, Yun Lin, Qunshan Zhou and Jingxun Cai

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091016 - 22 Apr 2025

Abstract

In response to the increasingly severe energy consumption problem and to promote energy saving and emission reduction, this study aims to design and apply an energy management system platform based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The system adopts sensor technology and data acquisition [...] Read more.

In response to the increasingly severe energy consumption problem and to promote energy saving and emission reduction, this study aims to design and apply an energy management system platform based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The system adopts sensor technology and data acquisition equipment to monitor various types of energy consumption in buildings in real time, efficiently process and predict these data through machine learning algorithms, and finally visualize the results. The system is functionally complete, completing the process from data collection to visualization, the cloud platform’s construction, and finally a full energy management platform. Various machine learning methods are applied to energy management by predicting the chilled water energy meter return temperature of the central air-conditioning system and comparing its performance. Among the various types of regression algorithms, the mean-square error (MSE) of decision tree regression is 0.36, the MSE of support vector regression (SVR) is 0.09, the MSE of K-nearest neighbor (KNN) regression is 0.57, and the MSE of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) regression is 0.32. The SVR, the XGBoost regression, and the decision tree regression perform better in various indices. Full article

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11 pages, 1570 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Identify Subtle Fall Hazards Using Transfer Learning

by Wen-Ta Hsiao, Wen-Der Yu, Chi-Yung Tang and Alexey Bulgakov

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091015 - 22 Apr 2025

Abstract

Computer vision is increasingly used for fall safety monitoring, but it struggles in subtle hazard scenarios, causing delays in hazard detection. Therefore, this issue was addressed in this study using transfer learning on pre-trained models that were fine-tuned with target datasets to enhance [...] Read more.

Computer vision is increasingly used for fall safety monitoring, but it struggles in subtle hazard scenarios, causing delays in hazard detection. Therefore, this issue was addressed in this study using transfer learning on pre-trained models that were fine-tuned with target datasets to enhance accuracy. We tested two scenarios—“scaffolding transverse brace installation” and “correct safety lifeline hook-up”—with MobileNet v2, GoogleNet, Inception v3, and ResNet-50. GoogleNet achieved an accuracy of 95.2% in brace installation recognition, while MobileNet v2 and Inception v3 achieved an accuracy of 96% for lifeline hook-up recognition, demonstrating excellent capability in complex hazard detection. Full article

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10 pages, 183 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design Factors of Water Mist in the Mystery of Landscapes

by Wu-Po-Cheng Lee and Sheng-Jung Ou

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091014 - 22 Apr 2025

Abstract

Water mist enhances the sense of mystery with visual and sensory effects, depending on its atmospheric creation and varying mist heights. Key factors influencing this mystery are the combination of mist with plants, increased air humidity, and sound effects. We identified important elements [...] Read more.

Water mist enhances the sense of mystery with visual and sensory effects, depending on its atmospheric creation and varying mist heights. Key factors influencing this mystery are the combination of mist with plants, increased air humidity, and sound effects. We identified important elements in the landscape at different times of day: in the morning, plant combinations and terrain; during the day, humidity and obscuring effects; in the evening, imaginative space; and at night, mist with plants. It is necessary to enhance visual effects and terrain variation in mist design to offer guidelines for future exploration. Full article

11 pages, 3848 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Human Factors in Bus Accidents: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Eva Nursifa Fauziah Suwandi, Bambang Suhardi and Etika Muslimah

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084088 - 21 Apr 2025

Abstract

This study examines human factors in bus accidents using bibliometric analysis to identify publications, research trends, and collaborative relationships between authors and institutions. Data from 1.834 publications in the Scopus database during the period 2014–2024 were analyzed using VOS viewer software to display [...] Read more.

This study examines human factors in bus accidents using bibliometric analysis to identify publications, research trends, and collaborative relationships between authors and institutions. Data from 1.834 publications in the Scopus database during the period 2014–2024 were analyzed using VOS viewer software to display network visualization and density. The results show a significant increase in publications since 2018, with a peak in 2022. Research related to human factors in bus accidents is growing, with a focus on fatigue, distraction, and driver behavior. The keyword and density analysis identified that “Human” was the most frequently discussed topic. China is the country with the highest contribution, and the medical field plays a major role in this topic. These findings highlight the importance of understanding human factors in efforts to improve transportation safety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 1886 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modeling the Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships of 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine Analogs in the Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum

by Inalegwu S. Apeh, Thecla O. Ayoka, Charles O. Nnadi and Wilfred O. Obonga

Eng. Proc. 2025, 87(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087052 - 21 Apr 2025

Abstract

Triazolopyrimidine and its analogs represent an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry research. The heterocycle of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine (1,2,4-TAP) serves as a bioisostere candidate for purine scaffolds, N-acetylated lysine, and carboxylic acid. This study modeled the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) of 125 congeners of [...] Read more.

Triazolopyrimidine and its analogs represent an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry research. The heterocycle of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine (1,2,4-TAP) serves as a bioisostere candidate for purine scaffolds, N-acetylated lysine, and carboxylic acid. This study modeled the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) of 125 congeners of 1,2,4-TAP from the ChEMBL database in the inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum using six machine learning algorithms. The most significant features among 306 molecular descriptors, including one molecular outlier, were selected using recursive feature elimination. A ratio of 20% was used to split the x- and y-matrices into 99 training and 24 test compounds. The regression models were built using machine learning sci-kit-learn algorithms (multiple linear regression (MLR), k-nearest neighbours (kNN), support vector regressor (SVR), random forest regressor (RFR) RIDGE regression, and LASSO). Model performance was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R²), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), p-values, F-statistic, and variance inflation factor (VIF). Five significant variables were considered in constructing the model (p < 0.05) with the following regression equation: pIC₅₀ = 5.90 − 0.71npr1 − 1.52pmi3 + 0.88slogP − 0.57vsurf-CW2 + 1.11vsurf-W2. On five-fold cross-validation, three algorithms—kNN (MSE = 0.46, R² = 0.54, MAE = 0.54, RMSE = 0.68), SVR (MSE = 0.33, R² = 0.67, MAE = 0.46, RMSE = 0.57), and RFR (MSE = 0.43, R² = 0.58, MAE = 0.51, RMSE = 0.66)—showed strong robustness, efficiency, and reliability in predicting the pIC₅₀ of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. The models provided useful data on the functionalities necessary for developing more potent 1,2,4-TAP analogs as anti-malarial agents. Full article

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12 pages, 707 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Rule-Based Model for Stemming Hausa Words

by Mustapha Ashiru Bari, Hadiza Ali Umar, Bello Shehu Bello and Ibrahim Said Ahmed

Eng. Proc. 2025, 87(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087051 - 21 Apr 2025

Abstract

The increasing number of online communities has led to the significant growth in digital data in multiple languages on the Internet. Consequently, language processing and information retrieval have become important fields in the era of the Internet. Stemming, a crucial preprocessing tool in [...] Read more.

The increasing number of online communities has led to the significant growth in digital data in multiple languages on the Internet. Consequently, language processing and information retrieval have become important fields in the era of the Internet. Stemming, a crucial preprocessing tool in natural language processing and information retrieval, has been extensively explored for high-resource languages like English, German, and French. However, more extensive studies regarding stemming in the context of the Hausa language, an international language that is widely spoken in West Africa and one of the fastest-growing languages globally, are required. This paper presents a rule-based model for stemming Hausa words. The proposed model relies on a set of rules derived from the analysis of Hausa word morphology and the rules for extracting stem forms. The rules consider the syntactic constraints, e.g., affixation rules, and performs a morphological analysis of the properties of the Hausa language, such as word formation and distribution. The proposed model’s performance is evaluated against existing models using standard evaluation metrics. The evaluation method employed Sirstat’s approach, and a language expert assessed the system’s results. The model is evaluated using the manual annotation of a set of 5077 total words used in the algorithm, including 2630 unique words and 3766 correctly stemmed Hausa words. The model achieves an overall accuracy of 98.66%, demonstrating its suitability for use in applications such as natural language processing and information retrieval. Full article

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9 pages, 1118 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Color Stability of PET-G in Clear Aligners: Impact of Prolonged Exposure to Everyday Substances and Its Psychological and Social Implications

by Fabiana Nicita, Joseph Lipari, Frank Lipari and Arianna Nicita

Eng. Proc. 2025, 87(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087050 - 21 Apr 2025

Abstract

The aesthetics of clear aligners is a critical factor that can influence patient satisfaction and psychological and social well-being. However, their transparency can be compromised by exposure to staining agents. This study aimed to evaluate the color stability of PET-G aligners following prolonged [...] Read more.

The aesthetics of clear aligners is a critical factor that can influence patient satisfaction and psychological and social well-being. However, their transparency can be compromised by exposure to staining agents. This study aimed to evaluate the color stability of PET-G aligners following prolonged exposure to common daily substances, including food, tobacco products, and cleaning agents. Flat samples of PET-G (n = 220) were immersed in various solutions, including coffee, tea, Coca-Cola, red wine, a colloidal silver-based disinfectant, nicotine, artificial saliva, cigarette smoke, and mixtures of saliva with smooth, coffee, and nicotine. Immersion times of 10 (n = 110) and 15 days (n = 110) were randomly assigned. Colorimetric assessments were conducted by measuring L*a*b* parameters before and after immersion, and total color change (ΔE) was calculated. Non-parametric statistical tests revealed significant color changes in PET-G samples after both immersion durations, with pairwise comparisons indicating notable differences in ΔE values among groups exposed to different substances, particularly coffee, tea, and Coca-Cola. The findings highlight the psychological and social impact of aligner staining on patient confidence and compliance. Understanding these effects highlights the need for enhanced patient education to improve aligner aesthetics and satisfaction. Full article

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11 pages, 4122 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

UKSBAS Testbed Performance Assessment of Two Years of Operations

by Javier González Merino, Fernando Bravo Llano, Michael Pattinson, Madeleine Easom, Juan Ramón Campano Hernández, Ignacio Sanz Palomar, María Isabel Romero Llapa, Sangeetha Priya Ilamparithi, David Hill and George Newton

Eng. Proc. 2025, 88(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025088035 - 21 Apr 2025

Abstract

Current Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs) improve the positioning accuracy and integrity of GPS satellites and provide safe civil aviation navigation services for procedures from en-route to LPV-200 precision approach over specific regions. SBAS systems, such as WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN, and MSAS, already operate. [...] Read more.

Current Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs) improve the positioning accuracy and integrity of GPS satellites and provide safe civil aviation navigation services for procedures from en-route to LPV-200 precision approach over specific regions. SBAS systems, such as WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN, and MSAS, already operate. The development of operational SBAS systems is in transition due to the extension of L1 SBAS services to new regions and the improvements expected by the introduction of dual frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) services, which allow the use of more core constellations such as Galileo and the use of ionosphere-free L1/L5 signal combination. The UKSBAS Testbed is a demonstration and feasibility project in the framework of ESA’s Navigation Innovation Support Programme (NAVISP), which is sponsored by the UK’s HMG with the participation of the Department for Transport and the UK Space Agency. UKSBAS Testbed’s main objective is to deliver a new L1 SBAS signal in space (SIS) from May 2022 in the UK region using Viasat’s Inmarsat-3F5 geostationary (GEO) satellite and Goonhilly Earth Station as signal uplink over PRN 158, as well as L1 SBAS and DFMC SBAS services through the Internet. SBAS messages are generated by GMV’s magicSBAS software and fed with data from the Ordnance Survey’s station network. This paper provides an assessment of the performance achieved by the UKSBAS Testbed during the last two years of operations at the SIS and user level, including a number of experimentation campaigns performed in the aviation and maritime domains, comprising ground tests at airports, flight tests on aircraft and sea trials on a vessel. This assessment includes, among others, service availability (e.g., APV-I, LPV-200), protection levels (PL), and position errors (PE) statistics over the service area and in a network of receivers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of European Navigation Conference 2024)

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10 pages, 2109 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Immobilization of Heavy Metals Using Biochar and Manganese Dioxide for Preventing Pollution

by Shui-Wen Chang Chien and Pei-Qi Lu

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091012 - 21 Apr 2025

Abstract

Using biochar/δ-MnO₂ as an adsorbent, heavy metals in soil were immobilized to prevent further pollution. When biochar/δ-MnO₂ was thoroughly mixed with contaminated soil in a ratio of 2:8, the residual fractions of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn increased by 9.78, 39.0, [...] Read more.

Using biochar/δ-MnO₂ as an adsorbent, heavy metals in soil were immobilized to prevent further pollution. When biochar/δ-MnO₂ was thoroughly mixed with contaminated soil in a ratio of 2:8, the residual fractions of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn increased by 9.78, 39.0, 61.6, and 15.7%. The addition of biochar/δ-MnO₂ significantly immobilized Cu and Pb. Since biochar/δ-MnO₂ fixed As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soil, soil contamination was prevented effectively. Full article

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9 pages, 4060 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Quasi-Direct Drive Motor for Walking Robots in Extraterrestrial Environments

by Jonas Eisenmenger, Zhongqian Zhao and Frank Kirchner

Eng. Proc. 2025, 90(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025090099 - 19 Apr 2025

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a quasi-direct drive motor for space applications, which offers opportunities for dynamic applications, such as in walking robots. The use of such a motor in a space environment presents new challenges that make it necessary to go [...] Read more.

This paper presents the development of a quasi-direct drive motor for space applications, which offers opportunities for dynamic applications, such as in walking robots. The use of such a motor in a space environment presents new challenges that make it necessary to go beyond the conventional design for terrestrial applications. To achieve this, the DFKI-X2D joint was developed as part of the MODKOM project. As an approach, an in-runner and an out-runner motor are developed as prototypes and subjected to several functional tests, including tests on a motor test bench, in a climate chamber, and via vibration tests. During these tests, the in-runner approach showed advantages, especially in thermal terms, and based on the findings, a final iteration was designed as the space version, which will undergo additional environmental testing in the future to move towards TRL 5. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th EASN International Conference on “Innovation in Aviation & Space Towards Sustainability Today & Tomorrow”)

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11 pages, 9523 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Two-Phase Pumped Cooling System of a HVDC Power Converter: System Analyses and Experimental Results

by Arne K. te Nijenhuis, Robin P.L.J.A. Nieuwenkamp, Johannes van Es and Aaron Day

Eng. Proc. 2025, 90(1), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025090106 - 18 Apr 2025

Abstract

The number of electronic components requiring dedicated cooling is set to increase for the next generation of medium-to-large-sized more-electric aircraft. In the EU-funded H2020 ADENEAS project, the usage of a two-phase mechanically pumped loop for the cooling of a high-power HVDC (High-Voltage Direct [...] Read more.

The number of electronic components requiring dedicated cooling is set to increase for the next generation of medium-to-large-sized more-electric aircraft. In the EU-funded H2020 ADENEAS project, the usage of a two-phase mechanically pumped loop for the cooling of a high-power HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current) converter, in an aircraft case, is analysed. After a fluid selection, R1233zdE appears as one of the premier candidates for aircraft two-phase pumped cooling systems. A comparison between a R1233zdE two-phase pumped cooling system and liquid cooling system with propylene–glycol water as working fluid is performed. The result of the system comparison is a 40% system mass reduction in favour of a two-phase pumped cooling system. By testing, a successful demonstration of the discussed cooling system is shown in nominal and non-nominal scenarios. With the achieved results presented here, a leap to TRL4 of a two-phase mechanically pumped loop for aircraft power electronics cooling is shown. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th EASN International Conference on “Innovation in Aviation & Space Towards Sustainability Today & Tomorrow”)

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9 pages, 3501 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Investigation of Ionization Technology for Cleaning Cabin Air in a Business Jet

by Victor Norrefeldt, Michael Buschhaus, Sabine Johann, Anna Nagele-Renzl, Marie Pschirer, Maximilian Kienberger, Florian Mayer and Bernard Baldini

Eng. Proc. 2025, 90(1), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025090105 - 18 Apr 2025

Abstract

This paper describes an experimental investigation on the spread of a virus in a business jet cabin and the potential of ionization to reduce the pathogen load. In contrast to priorly investigated recirculation air cleaning, ionization can act directly in the cabin by [...] Read more.

This paper describes an experimental investigation on the spread of a virus in a business jet cabin and the potential of ionization to reduce the pathogen load. In contrast to priorly investigated recirculation air cleaning, ionization can act directly in the cabin by introducing ions into the supply air. Tests were performed by emitting a surrogate virus through a breathing head in a business jet mock-up. The results allow for the conclusion that ionization technology, along with increased airflow, is a well-suited tool to sanitize cabins. Additionally, the effect of ionization on particles was investigated where it became obvious that the presence of particles reduces the ion level; however, the presence of ions hardly impact particles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th EASN International Conference on “Innovation in Aviation & Space Towards Sustainability Today & Tomorrow”)

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9 pages, 5576 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Validation of Enhanced Heat Dissipation Options in More Electric Aircraft Under Flight Conditions

by Victor Norrefeldt, Marie Pschirer, Arnav Pathak and Maximilian Kienberger

Eng. Proc. 2025, 90(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025090103 - 18 Apr 2025

Abstract

With the increased electrification of aircraft, the thermal management of associated heat loads becomes more and more of a challenge. While a classical airline aircraft typically has a system thermal emission in the same range as the heat generated by passengers, more innovative [...] Read more.

With the increased electrification of aircraft, the thermal management of associated heat loads becomes more and more of a challenge. While a classical airline aircraft typically has a system thermal emission in the same range as the heat generated by passengers, more innovative hybrid electric aircraft designs and hydrogen-powered aircraft can require up to 1 MW of cooling, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the heat load of the transported passengers. For the development of such systems, dedicated laboratory test environments are necessary to pre-assess technologies and flight conditions in research and maturation projects. The Flight Test Facility is one such facility, and this paper will outline some of the thermal tests performed in the past and planned enhancements of the testing capabilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th EASN International Conference on “Innovation in Aviation & Space Towards Sustainability Today & Tomorrow”)

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10 pages, 5242 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Business Guidance on Conformity Assessment of Reuse and Repair for Aeronautics and Wind Energy

by Leandro A. Rodriguez-Ortiz, Estefanía A. Tapia Suárez, Santiago Muíños-Landín, David Castro Boga, Andreia Araújo, Carlos Carneiro, Raquel Miriam Santos, Philipp Johst and Robert Böhm

Eng. Proc. 2025, 90(1), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025090101 - 18 Apr 2025

Abstract

Research on sustainable business models (BMs) rooted in the circular economy is expanding in industry and academia, encouraging companies to enhance their impact on profits, people, and the planet. However, developing sustainable BMs is complex due to the conflicting objectives of sustainability dimensions [...] Read more.

Research on sustainable business models (BMs) rooted in the circular economy is expanding in industry and academia, encouraging companies to enhance their impact on profits, people, and the planet. However, developing sustainable BMs is complex due to the conflicting objectives of sustainability dimensions and competition with traditional models. This work addresses this challenge by proposing a Sustainable Business Guide (SBG) supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to assist in decision-making. The SBG supports the design and assessment of business models by integrating inspection; business opportunity exploration; technical, economic, and environmental analyses; an AI-based decision support system; and Porter’s Five Forces, focusing on the aeronautical and wind energy sectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th EASN International Conference on “Innovation in Aviation & Space Towards Sustainability Today & Tomorrow”)

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10 pages, 3230 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of an On-Ground Regional Passenger Cabin Demonstrator

by Anna Reichherzer, Victor Norrefeldt, Benjamin Müller, Davide Straninger, Britta Herbig, Aenne Euhus, Michael Bellmann, Peter Vink, Yu Song and Neil Mansfield

Eng. Proc. 2025, 90(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025090100 - 18 Apr 2025

Abstract

The comparatively environmentally friendly turboprop aircraft should be used more often, but still need some improvements, especially regarding noise. To facilitate research into these improvements, an On-Ground Regional Passenger Cabin Demonstrator was built and validated through a comparison with passengers’ reactions to real [...] Read more.

The comparatively environmentally friendly turboprop aircraft should be used more often, but still need some improvements, especially regarding noise. To facilitate research into these improvements, an On-Ground Regional Passenger Cabin Demonstrator was built and validated through a comparison with passengers’ reactions to real turboprop flights. Seventy-three subjects answered questions on various environmental factors during a simulated flight in the Cabin Demonstrator. Subject testing revealed that the Cabin Demonstrator was overall perceived as realistic compared to real flights, and the comfort level was comparable to the previously conducted in-flight subject test. Thus, the Cabin Demonstrator can be used for multiple future tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th EASN International Conference on “Innovation in Aviation & Space Towards Sustainability Today & Tomorrow”)

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21 pages, 12749 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigating the Friction Coefficient of Titanium Bolts with Vegetable Oils as Lubricants

by Dario Croccolo, Massimiliano De Agostinis, Stefano Fini, Muhammad Yasir Khan, Mattia Mele, Giorgio Olmi, Chiara Scapecchi and Muhammad Hassaan Bin Tariq

Eng. Proc. 2025, 85(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025085052 - 18 Apr 2025

Abstract

Threaded fasteners are one of the most important joining techniques, especially due to their ease of mounting and dismounting. These are essentially friction joints; therefore, friction coefficients between the surfaces play a critical role in the correct mounting of the threaded fasteners. Materials [...] Read more.

Threaded fasteners are one of the most important joining techniques, especially due to their ease of mounting and dismounting. These are essentially friction joints; therefore, friction coefficients between the surfaces play a critical role in the correct mounting of the threaded fasteners. Materials and lubrication conditions are the major factors that can affect the correct preload of the threaded fasteners. Particularly, when shifting from steel to titanium fasteners to achieve a high strength-to-weight ratio, the friction shift is very significant. Researchers have studied varying levels of lubrication to achieve optimum friction conditions. VG46 has been used most in the literature; however, its non-renewable nature necessitates the use of another alternative that is good for the environment and can cause a reduction in pollution in the environment. For this reason, in the present study, castor oil and fractionated coconut oil have been used for Ti bolts to achieve low friction coefficients. Torque tension tests have been performed on the Ti bolts using the different lubricants mentioned above and friction coefficients at the underhead and the threaded portions are compared with the commercial VG46 lubricant. Castor oil shows good performance compared to the other lubricants tested in terms of underhead friction coefficients, whereas the thread friction coefficients remain almost the same in all the lubrication conditions. Full article

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Journal Description

Engineering Proceedings

Vol. 92

IEEE ECICE 2024

Vol. 90

EASN 2024

Vol. 89

IEEE ICKII 2024

Vol. 88

ENC 2024

Vol. 84

MEST 2024

Vol. 83

CITIIC 2023

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