Using the Contrast Boundary Concentration of LST for the Earthquake Approach Assessment in Turkey, 6–8 February 2023
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
- Epicenter 1: Atalar (coordinates: 37.17° N, 37.03° E), 6 February 2023, 7.8 Mw;
- Epicenter 2: Nurdagı (coordinates: 37.13° N, 36.94° E), 6 February 2023, 6.7 Mw.
2.2. Data
- Ground-based temperature data are publicly available from the Weather Underground service [42]. Using ground-based temperature data, we aimed to minimize the influence of solar radiation and maximize the contribution of subsurface heat.
- Information on the epicenters (coordinates, date and magnitude) of earthquakes that occurred on 6–8 February 2023 and in the subsequent period, provided by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, was used as input data [43].
2.3. Methodology
3. Results
3.1. Studying the Heating of the Earth’s Crustal Surface
3.2. Changes of LST Contrast Boundaries Concentration
4. Discussion
- Is there a spatial relationship between the localization of earthquake epicenters and anomalies in the contrast boundaries concentration map?
- Are there any other indicators calculated from Landsat satellite images (e.g., spectral indices) that also increased before the February 2023 earthquakes and then decreased?
- Do maps show the location of aftershock epicenters?
- What is the hazard of new major earthquakes one year on?
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Landsat 8–9 Acquisition Date and Time | Ground-Based Temperature (°C) | |
---|---|---|
24 January 2024 | 08:09:32.80Z | 9.0 |
28 October 2023 | 08:09:42.73Z | 24.0 |
22 February 2023 | 08:09:37.88Z | 12.0 |
21 January 2023 | 08:09:50.18Z | 11.0 |
5 January 2023 | 08:09:55.33Z | 10.0 |
4 December 2022 | 08:10:04.26Z | 15.0 |
2 November 2022 | 08:10:09.37Z | 19.0 |
25 October 2022 | 08:09:57.91Z | 22.0 |
15 September 2022 | 08:15:58.31Z | 28.0 |
19 February 2022 | 08:09:32.84Z | 11.0 |
15 November 2021 | 08:09:51.53Z | 20.0 |
30 December 2020 | 08:09:48.01Z | 13.0 |
13 January 2020 | 08:09:41.57Z | 10.0 |
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Nikulin, S.; Sergieieva, K.; Korobko, O.; Kashtan, V. Using the Contrast Boundary Concentration of LST for the Earthquake Approach Assessment in Turkey, 6–8 February 2023. Earth 2024, 5, 388-403. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth5030022
Nikulin S, Sergieieva K, Korobko O, Kashtan V. Using the Contrast Boundary Concentration of LST for the Earthquake Approach Assessment in Turkey, 6–8 February 2023. Earth. 2024; 5(3):388-403. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth5030022
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikulin, Serhii, Kateryna Sergieieva, Olga Korobko, and Vita Kashtan. 2024. "Using the Contrast Boundary Concentration of LST for the Earthquake Approach Assessment in Turkey, 6–8 February 2023" Earth 5, no. 3: 388-403. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth5030022