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Compounds, Volume 5, Issue 4 (December 2025) – 3 articles

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41 pages, 2466 KB  
Article
Impact of Reaction System Turbulence on the Dispersity and Activity of Heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta Catalytic Systems for Polydiene Production: Insights from Kinetic and CFD Analyses
by Konstantin A. Tereshchenko, Nikolai V. Ulitin, Rustem T. Ismagilov and Alexander S. Novikov
Compounds 2025, 5(4), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds5040039 - 29 Sep 2025
Abstract
An analysis was conducted to investigate how reaction system turbulence affects the butadiene-isoprene copolymerization in the presence of the TiCl4 + Al(i-Bu)3 catalytic system. A model was developed, which integrates CFD simulations of TiCl4 + Al(i-Bu) [...] Read more.
An analysis was conducted to investigate how reaction system turbulence affects the butadiene-isoprene copolymerization in the presence of the TiCl4 + Al(i-Bu)3 catalytic system. A model was developed, which integrates CFD simulations of TiCl4 + Al(i-Bu)3 particle breakage based on population balance equations with the kinetic modeling of the butadiene-isoprene copolymerization. It was established that an increase in turbulent kinetic energy leads to a reduction in catalyst particle size, an increase in active site concentration, an acceleration of the copolymerization process, and a decrease in the average molecular weights of the copolymer. Furthermore, catalytic activity correlates with both the average and maximum values of turbulent kinetic energy in the reaction system, whereas the effect of the average residence time of catalytic particles under turbulent conditions is insignificant. Based on these results, recommendations were provided for optimizing the impact of reaction system turbulence on TiCl4 + Al(i-Bu)3 particles to enhance the butadiene-isoprene copolymerization rate and achieve precise control over the molecular weight characteristics of the copolymer. The findings of this study can be applied to optimize the synthesis technology of the cis-1,4 butadiene-isoprene copolymer, which is used in the production of frost-resistant rubber. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Compounds (2025))
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23 pages, 4481 KB  
Review
Scientific and Technical Insights into Hancornia speciosa Gomes for Biotechnological Applications
by Sérgio P. Leite, Laiza C. Krause, Sona Jain and Thiago R. Bjerk
Compounds 2025, 5(4), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds5040038 - 29 Sep 2025
Abstract
Hancornia speciosa Gomes (H. speciosa) is present in several regions of Brazil. It is a plant traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific publications and patents related to H. speciosa [...] Read more.
Hancornia speciosa Gomes (H. speciosa) is present in several regions of Brazil. It is a plant traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific publications and patents related to H. speciosa, emphasizing its primary applications and potential utility. For scientific prospection, an extensive search for relevant publications was carried out in the Scopus database. For technological prospection, the Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual (INPI) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) databases were utilized. Research on H. speciosa spans across multiple domains, including agronomy, gastronomy, technology, and pharmaceuticals, revealing the identification of numerous pharmacologically interesting compounds, such as rutin, chlorogenic acid, bornesitol, and various triterpenes, such as Lupeol, α- and β-amyrin, and their respective acetates. Regarding patents, there is a notable emphasis on gastronomic applications, with only a limited number of patents dedicated to technological and health-related areas. The increasing interest in H. speciosa is evident from the various studies investigating the biological properties of its compounds, such as anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic actions. Additionally, there is significant potential for further exploration and advancement of research in the pharmaceutical and technological sectors. Full article
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4 pages, 161 KB  
Editorial
Organic Compounds with Biological Activity
by Małgorzata Anna Marć and Enrique Domínguez-Álvarez
Compounds 2025, 5(4), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds5040037 - 29 Sep 2025
Abstract
The Special Issue with the title ‘Organic Compounds with Biological Activity’ [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Compounds with Biological Activity)
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