Individual and Environmental Determinants of the Consumption of Iron-Rich Foods among Senegalese Adolescent Girls: A Behavioural Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design and Sampling
2.2. Preparatory Work
2.3. Theoretical Framework
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Data Analysis
2.5.1. Behaviour of Interest
2.5.2. Measurement of the Framework’s Constructs
2.5.3. Sociodemographic Characteristics
3. Results
3.1. Population’s Characteristics
3.2. IRF Intake
3.3. Associations between the Intention, Questionnaire’s Individual Items, and Direct and Indirect Measurements of the Theoretical Constructs
3.4. Final Path Models
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | N | % | % Who Had Consumed IRF | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual | ||||
Age (years) | 0.009 | |||
10–14 | 293 | 48.8 | 80.5 | |
15–19 | 307 | 51.2 | 88.3 | |
Religion | 0.495 | |||
Muslim | 575 | 95.8 | 84.9 | |
Christian | 23 | 3.8 | 73.9 | |
Animist | 1 | 0.2 | 100 | |
No religion | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | |
Other | 1 | 0.2 | 100 | |
Ethnic group | 0.186 | |||
Wolof | 204 | 34.0 | 88.7 | |
Peul | 192 | 32.0 | 79.2 | |
Serere | 81 | 13.5 | 85.2 | |
Mandingue | 47 | 7.8 | 87.2 | |
Diola | 21 | 3.5 | 85.7 | |
Soninke | 22 | 3.7 | 90.9 | |
Others/non-Senegalese | 33 | 5.5 | 78.8 | |
Relationship with head of HH | 0.195 | |||
Daughter | 427 | 71.2 | 85.2 | |
Grand-daughter | 129 | 21.5 | 85.3 | |
Other | 44 | 7.3 | 75.0 | |
Marital status | 0.170 | |||
Currently married/with a partner (vs. not married) * | 65 (535) | 10.9 (89.2) | 78.5 (85.2) | |
Level of education | 0.093 | |||
No formal education | 135 | 22.5 | 82.2 | |
Some primary | 196 | 32.7 | 79.6 | |
Primary completed | 186 | 31.0 | 88.2 | |
Some secondary | 79 | 13.2 | 91.1 | |
Secondary completed | 3 | 0.5 | 100.0 | |
More than secondary | 1 | 0.2 | 100.0 | |
Literacy | <0.001 | |||
Able to read a full/part sentence aloud (vs. not able) * | 405 (195) | 67.5 (32.5) | 87.2 (79.0) | |
Health status perception | 0.714 | |||
Very good | 163 | 27.2 | 86.5 | |
Good | 254 | 42.3 | 83.9 | |
Average | 159 | 26.5 | 82.4 | |
Bad | 23 | 3.8 | 91.3 | |
Very bad | 1 | 0.2 | 100.0 | |
Had malaria/fever < 2 weeks (vs. no malaria) * | 37 (563) | 6.2 (93.8) | 97.3 (83.7) | 0.026 |
Presence of parasites in feces < 2 weeks (vs. no parasites) * | 38 (562) | 6.3 (93.7) | 76.3 (85.1) | 0.116 |
Received a dewormer < 6 ms (vs. not received) * | 120 (480) | 20.0 (80.0) | 84.2 (84.5) | 0.828 |
Received IFA supplements < 6 ms (vs. not received) * | 145 (455) | 24.2 (74.8) | 84.8 (84.4) | 0.988 |
Exposure to mass media at least once a week | ||||
Reads newspapers (vs. not at all/less than once a week) * | 32 (568) | 5.3 (94.7) | 93.8 (84.0) | 0.206 |
Watches TV (vs. not at all/less than once a week) * | 440 (160) | 73.3 (26.7) | 88.0 (75.0) | <0.001 |
Listens to radio (vs. not at all/less than once a week) * | 110 (490) | 18.3 (81.7) | 87.3 (83.9) | 0.389 |
Household | ||||
Level of education of the mother | 0.249 | |||
No formal education | 307 | 49.2 | 83.7 | |
Some primary | 126 | 21.0 | 80.2 | |
Primary completed | 46 | 7.7 | 78.3 | |
Some secondary | 110 | 18.3 | 92.7 | |
Secondary completed | 6 | 1.0 | 83.3 | |
More than secondary | 5 | 0.8 | 100.0 | |
Socioeconomic quintiles | 0.001 | |||
Lowest | 120 | 20.0 | 92.5 | |
Second | 120 | 20.0 | 86.7 | |
Middle | 120 | 20.0 | 90.0 | |
Fourth | 120 | 20.0 | 83.3 | |
Highest | 120 | 20.0 | 70.0 | |
HH size | 0.327 | |||
3–4 | 47 | 7.8 | 89.4 | |
5–6 | 101 | 16.8 | 89.1 | |
7–8 | 105 | 17.5 | 79.0 | |
9–10 | 100 | 16.7 | 88.0 | |
11–12 | 70 | 11.7 | 82.9 | |
13–14 | 48 | 8.0 | 85.4 | |
≥15 | 129 | 21.5 | 81.4 | |
Age of head of HH | 0.308 | |||
20–29 | 12 | 2.0 | 75.8 | |
30–39 | 74 | 12.3 | 78.4 | |
40–49 | 141 | 23.5 | 86.5 | |
50–59 | 154 | 25.7 | 81.8 | |
60–69 | 108 | 18.0 | 87.0 | |
≥70 | 111 | 18.5 | 88.3 | |
Male as the sex of head of HH (vs. female) * | 463 (137) | 77.2 (22.8) | 82.9 (89.8) | 0.052 |
Food security status | <0.001 | |||
Food secure (vs. food insecure) * | 186 (414) | 31.0 (69.0) | 92.5 (80.9) | |
Access to improved water (vs. no access) * | 525 (75) | 87.5 (12.5) | 86.3 (72.0) | 0.001 |
Access to improved sanitation (vs. no access) * | 504 (96) | 84.0 (16.0) | 87.3 (69.8) | <0.001 |
Region | 0.007 | |||
Dakar | 152 | 25.3 | 87.5 | |
Ziguinchor | 31 | 5.2 | 87.1 | |
Diourbel | 61 | 10.2 | 93.4 | |
Saint-Louis | 47 | 7.8 | 87.2 | |
Tambacounda | 36 | 6.0 | 72.2 | |
Kaolack | 39 | 6.5 | 84.6 | |
Thiès | 76 | 12.7 | 92.1 | |
Louga | 34 | 5.7 | 64.7 | |
Fatick | 36 | 6.0 | 86.1 | |
Kolda | 30 | 5.0 | 76.7 | |
Matam | 13 | 2.2 | 69.2 | |
Kaffrine | 16 | 2.7 | 75.0 | |
Kédougou | 7 | 1.2 | 85.7 | |
Sédhiou | 22 | 3.7 | 77.3 | |
Residence rural (vs. urban) | 308 (292) | 51.3 (48.7) | 79.2 (90.1) | <0.001 |
Access to a health facility ≤30 min of distance (vs. no access) * | 519 (81) | 86.5 (13.5) | 86.9 (69.1) | <0.001 |
Indices * | Initial Model | Final Model |
---|---|---|
χ2 | 16.43 | 21.05 |
df | 4 | 7 |
p | 0.003 | 0.004 |
RMSEA | 0.07 | 0.06 |
90% C.I. | 0.04–0.11 | 0.03–0.09 |
p | 0.130 | 0.285 |
CFI | 0.98 | 0.98 |
TLI | 0.94 | 0.96 |
SRMR | 0.04 | 0.05 |
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Dupuis, J.B.; Ndiaye, A.N.; Lo, N.B.; Thiam, E.H.M.; Sall, M.; Blaney, S. Individual and Environmental Determinants of the Consumption of Iron-Rich Foods among Senegalese Adolescent Girls: A Behavioural Model. Adolescents 2024, 4, 396-409. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents4030028
Dupuis JB, Ndiaye AN, Lo NB, Thiam EHM, Sall M, Blaney S. Individual and Environmental Determinants of the Consumption of Iron-Rich Foods among Senegalese Adolescent Girls: A Behavioural Model. Adolescents. 2024; 4(3):396-409. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents4030028
Chicago/Turabian StyleDupuis, Jérémie B., Aminata Ndène Ndiaye, Nafissatou Ba Lo, El Hadj Momar Thiam, Mohamadou Sall, and Sonia Blaney. 2024. "Individual and Environmental Determinants of the Consumption of Iron-Rich Foods among Senegalese Adolescent Girls: A Behavioural Model" Adolescents 4, no. 3: 396-409. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents4030028