Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated by T1 NMR Relaxometry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Noise
3.2. Binder Comparison
3.3. Mixture Comparison
3.4. Aggregate Comparison
4. Discussion
4.1. Binder Aging
4.2. Hot Mix Asphalt
4.3. Aggregate
5. Conclusions
- NMR relaxometry was shown to be able to differentiate asphalt mixtures based on asphalt content. The average primary relaxation times of the 4.5%, field, 5.5%, and 6% HMA were 1.5, 1.06, 0.92, and 0.47 s, respectively;
- The hydrogen environments of aggregate were concluded to be from moisture in adsorbed and crystalline states. The average relaxation time of regular, dry, and wet aggregate was 2.01, 2.21, and 1.13, respectively;
- In relation to the asphalt mixtures, these water environments indicate the susceptibility to water damage and are expected to be the reason for the differences between the mixture samples as detected by NMR;
- While large differences between unaged, RTFO, and PAV binders were not detected with NMR relaxometry, asphalt mixtures, binders, and aggregates could be differentiated. When the aggregate was more prevalent, the primary relaxation time was closer to 1 s; otherwise, the primary relaxation time was close to 0.5 s.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Herndon, R.M.; Balasubramanian, J.; Abdelrahman, M.; Woelk, K. Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated by T1 NMR Relaxometry. Physchem 2024, 4, 285-295. https://doi.org/10.3390/physchem4030020
Herndon RM, Balasubramanian J, Abdelrahman M, Woelk K. Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated by T1 NMR Relaxometry. Physchem. 2024; 4(3):285-295. https://doi.org/10.3390/physchem4030020
Chicago/Turabian StyleHerndon, Rebecca M., Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, and Klaus Woelk. 2024. "Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated by T1 NMR Relaxometry" Physchem 4, no. 3: 285-295. https://doi.org/10.3390/physchem4030020