State Contexts for a Public Health Emergency: The Divergence of Politics and Administration in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Federalism and Politics–Administration in Public Health Policy
2.1. Theoretical Expectations
2.1.1. State Political Contexts in Public Health
2.1.2. State Administrative Contexts in Public Health
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data and Sources
3.2. Models and Variables
3.3. Estimation Strategy and Limitations
4. Results
4.1. State Political Contexts
4.2. State Administrative Contexts
5. Discussion and Implications
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Measure | Effect | Data Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Dependent Variable | |||
Percentage of the population fully vaccinated | The percentage of state residents who received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine (2022) | U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | |
Independent Variables | |||
Political Contexts | |||
Democrat governor | (1) A state with a Democrat governor; (0) a state without a Democrat governor (2021) | + | National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) |
Divided government | (1) A state with a split between the party affiliation of the governor and the state legislature majority; (0) a state without divided government (2021) | − | National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) |
Administrative Contexts | |||
Decentralized public health governance (state–local) | The relationship between state and local public health departments (decentralized) (1) a state with decentralized governance; (0) a state without decentralized governance (2021) | + | Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) |
State public health personnel | Public health workforce capacity per 10,000 (2021) | + | Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) |
State fiscal capacity | State GDP (per capita) (2021) | + | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) |
Controls | |||
State population | Total state population (log) (2021) | − | Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) |
Race/ethnicity | Non-white (%) (2021) | − | Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) |
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Political Contexts | |||
Democrat governor | 0.154 ** (0.015) | 0.133 ** (0.020) | |
Divided government | 0.027 (0.017) | 0.026 (0.015) | |
Administrative Contexts | |||
Decentralized public health governance (state–local) | −0.022 (0.025) | −0.018 (0.019) | |
State public health personnel | 0.038 * (0.017) | 0.006 (0.013) | |
State fiscal capacity (state GDP) | 0.296 ** (0.047) | 0.132 * (0.049) | |
Controls | |||
State population | 0.002 (0.008) | 0.018 (0.017) | 0.006 (0.013) |
Race/ethnicity | −0.053 (0.047) | −0.092 (0.098) | −0.084 (0.059) |
Constant | 0.515 ** (0.118) | −2.995 ** (0.495) | −0.995 (0.589) |
F-value | 28.76 | 15.36 | 31.93 |
R-squared | 0.682 | 0.356 | 0.730 |
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Janousek, C.L.; Noh, S. State Contexts for a Public Health Emergency: The Divergence of Politics and Administration in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates. COVID 2024, 4, 1324-1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid4080094
Janousek CL, Noh S. State Contexts for a Public Health Emergency: The Divergence of Politics and Administration in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates. COVID. 2024; 4(8):1324-1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid4080094
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanousek, Christian L., and Shihyun Noh. 2024. "State Contexts for a Public Health Emergency: The Divergence of Politics and Administration in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates" COVID 4, no. 8: 1324-1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid4080094