Comprehensive Review of the Components in Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Their Antibacterial Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Alkaloids
3.1. Indole Alkaloids
3.1.1. Tetracyclic Indoloquinolizidine Alkaloids
3.1.2. Pentacyclic Indoloquinolizidine Alkaloids
3.1.3. β-Carboline Alkaloids
3.2. Oxindole Alkaloids
3.2.1. Tetracyclic Oxindole Alkaloids
3.2.2. Pentacyclic Oxindole Alkaloids
4. Polyphenols
4.1. Flavonoids
4.1.1. Flavones
4.1.2. Flavonols
4.1.3. Flavan-3-ols
Procyanidin Type
Procyanidin Dimers
Procyanidin Trimers
Propelargonidin Type
Proanthocyanidins Polymeric Structures (DP > 3)
4.2. Miscellaneous Polyphenols
4.3. Phenolic Acids
4.3.1. Hydroxybenzoic Acids
4.3.2. Hydroxycinnamic Acids
5. Terpenes
5.1. Phytosterols
5.2. Pentacyclic Triterpene Acids
5.2.1. Ursolic Acid Derivatives
5.2.2. Glycosylated Pentacyclic Triterpene Acids
Cincholic Acid Derivatives
Quinovic Acid Derivatives
Pyroquinovic and Pyrocincholic Acid Derivatives
5.3. Miscellaneous Terpenoid
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benzoic, 47 | H | H | H | H | H |
Salicylic acid, 48 | OH | H | H | H | H |
4-Hydroxbenzoic, 49 | H | H | OH | H | H |
Protocatechuic acid, 50 | H | OH | OH | H | H |
Gallic acid, 51 | H | OH | OH | OH | H |
Syringic, 52 | H | OMe | OH | OMe | H |
Vanillic acid, 53 | H | OMe | OH | H | H |
Compound | R1 | R2 | |
p-Coumaric acid, 54 | H | OH | |
Caffeic acid, 55 | OH | OH | |
Ferulic acid, 56 | OMe | OH | |
Isoferulic, 57 | OH | OMe |
Compound | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(3β)-3-Hydroxy-7-oxo-urs-12-ene-27,28-dioic acid, 67 | OH | Me | Me | H | =O | CO2H | H | Me | H | H |
(3β,16α)-16-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-ursa-12,19(29)-diene-27,28-dioic acid, 68 | MeO | Me | Me | H | H | CO2H | OH | = | H | |
(3β,4α)-3,19-Dihydroxy-6,23-dioxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 69 | OH | Me | CHO | =O | H | Me | H | Me | OH | H |
(3β,4α)-3,19,23-trihydroxy-6-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 70 | OH | Me | CH2OH | =O | H | Me | H | Me | OH | H |
(6β)-6,19-dihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 71 | =O | Me | Me | OH | H | Me | H | Me | OH | H |
(3β,6β)-3,6,19-Trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (uncaric acid), 72 | OH | Me | Me | OH | H | Me | H | Me | OH | H |
(3β,4α,6β)-3,6,19-trihydroxy-23-oxo-norurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 73 | OH | =O | OH | H | Me | H | Me | OH | H | |
(3β,4α,6β)-3,6,19-trihydroxy-23-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 74 | OH | Me | CHO | OH | H | Me | H | Me | OH | H |
(3β,6β)-3,6,19-Trihydroxy-24-norursa-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid (floridic acid), 75 | OH | = | OH | H | Me | H | Me | OH | H | |
(3β,4α,6β)-dimethyl ester-3,6,19-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 76 | OH | Me | CO2Me | OH | H | Me | H | Me | OH | Me |
(3β,4α,6β)-3,6,19,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 77 | OH | Me | CH2OH | OH | H | Me | H | Me | OH | H |
No. | Compound Name |
---|---|
78 | Cincholic acid 27-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
79 | Cincholic acid 27-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranoside |
80 | Cincholic acid 27-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
81 | Pyrocincholic acid 27-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Tomentoside B) |
No. | Compound |
---|---|
82 | Quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
83 | Quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
84 | Quinovic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside |
85 | Quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
86 | Quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
87 | Quinovic acid 27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
88 | Quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-quinovopyranoside |
89 | Quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranoside |
90 | Quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranosyl-27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
91 | Quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
92 | Quinovic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(3→1)-β-D-glucopyranoside |
93 | Quinovic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(3→1)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside |
94 | Quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-quinovopyranoside |
95 | Pyroquinovic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Tomentoside A) |
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Blanck, J.J.; Huebner, T.M.; Rolls, A.M.; Cornell, J.S.; Hwang, C.S. Comprehensive Review of the Components in Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Their Antibacterial Activity. AppliedChem 2022, 2, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem2010001
Blanck JJ, Huebner TM, Rolls AM, Cornell JS, Hwang CS. Comprehensive Review of the Components in Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Their Antibacterial Activity. AppliedChem. 2022; 2(1):1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem2010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleBlanck, Jason J., Thomas M. Huebner, Alyssa M. Rolls, Josh S. Cornell, and Candy S. Hwang. 2022. "Comprehensive Review of the Components in Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Their Antibacterial Activity" AppliedChem 2, no. 1: 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem2010001
APA StyleBlanck, J. J., Huebner, T. M., Rolls, A. M., Cornell, J. S., & Hwang, C. S. (2022). Comprehensive Review of the Components in Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Their Antibacterial Activity. AppliedChem, 2(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem2010001