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AppliedChem, Volume 4, Issue 3 (September 2024) – 4 articles

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20 pages, 5565 KiB  
Article
Biocatalytic Screening of the Oxidative Potential of Fungi Cultivated on Plant-Based Resources
by Alina Kinner, Stephan Lütz and Katrin Rosenthal
AppliedChem 2024, 4(3), 282-301; https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem4030018 - 8 Aug 2024
Viewed by 266
Abstract
The environmental impacts of the postindustrial era, which rely on fossil fuels, have compelled a reconsideration of the future of energy and chemical industries. Fungi are a valuable resource for improving a circular economy through the enhanced valorization of biomass and plant waste. [...] Read more.
The environmental impacts of the postindustrial era, which rely on fossil fuels, have compelled a reconsideration of the future of energy and chemical industries. Fungi are a valuable resource for improving a circular economy through the enhanced valorization of biomass and plant waste. They harbor a great diversity of oxidative enzymes, especially in their secretome. Enzymatic breakdown of the plant cell wall complex and lignocellulosic biomass yields sugars for fermentation and biofuel production, as well as aromatic compounds from lignin that can serve as raw materials for the chemical industry. To harness the biocatalytic potential, it is essential to identify and explore wild-type fungi and their secretomes. This study successfully combined genome mining and activity screening to uncover the oxidative potential of a collection of underexploited ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. The heme peroxidase and laccase activities of four promising candidates, Bipolaris victoriae, Colletotrichum sublineola, Neofusicoccum parvum and Moesziomyces antarcticus, were investigated to gain a deeper insight into their enzyme secretion. Furthermore, a plant-based medium screening with the phytopathogen C. sublineola revealed that soybean meal is a beneficial component to trigger the production and secretion of enzymes that catalyze H2O2-dependent oxidations. These results demonstrate that understanding fungal secretomes and their enzymatic potential opens exciting avenues for sustainable biotechnological applications across various industries. Full article
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12 pages, 3515 KiB  
Article
Effect of Crystallization on Electrochemical and Tribological Properties of High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF)-Sprayed Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings
by Abdul Qadir Abbas, Muhammad Arslan Hafeez, Cheng Zhang, Muhammad Atiq-ur-Rehman and Muhammad Yasir
AppliedChem 2024, 4(3), 270-281; https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem4030017 - 29 Jul 2024
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Abstract
An Fe-based amorphous coating, with the composition Fe48Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2, was synthesized by the high-velocity oxygen fuel spray (HVOF) process on a substrate of AISI 1035. The effect of crystallization on the electrochemical [...] Read more.
An Fe-based amorphous coating, with the composition Fe48Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2, was synthesized by the high-velocity oxygen fuel spray (HVOF) process on a substrate of AISI 1035. The effect of crystallization on the electrochemical and tribological properties of the HVOF-sprayed Fe-based coating was systematically studied. The XRD results validated the fully amorphous nature of the as-sprayed coating by showing a broad peak at 43.44° and crystallization of this coating after heat-treatment at 700 °C by demonstrating sharp peaks of Fe-, Mo-, and Cr-based carbides. After crystallization, an increase in the corrosion current density from 4.95 μAcm−2 to 11.57 μAcm−2 and in the corrosion rate from 4.28 mpy to 9.99 mpy, as well as a decrease in the polarization resistance from 120 Ωcm2 to 65.12 Ωcm2, were observed, indicating the deterioration of the corrosion resistance of the as-sprayed Fe-based coating. This can be attributed to the formation of porous ferrous oxide, providing an easy channel for charge transfer and promoting pit formation. However, a decrease in the coefficient of friction from 0.1 to 0.05 was observed, highlighting the significant improvement in the wear resistance of the Fe-based coating after crystallization. This can be associated with the precipitation of hard carbides (MxCy) at the boundaries of the crystallized regions. Full article
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34 pages, 21055 KiB  
Review
Polymeric and Crystalline Materials for Effective and Sustainable CO2 Capture
by David Gendron and Maria Zakharova
AppliedChem 2024, 4(3), 236-269; https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem4030016 - 26 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is recognized as the primary cause of global warming due to its greenhouse potential. It plays a significant role in contributing to the emissions arising from a variety of anthropogenic activities, such as energy production, transportation, the construction [...] Read more.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is recognized as the primary cause of global warming due to its greenhouse potential. It plays a significant role in contributing to the emissions arising from a variety of anthropogenic activities, such as energy production, transportation, the construction industry, and other industrial processes. Capturing and utilizing CO2 to mitigate its impact on the environment is, therefore, of significant importance. To do so, strategies such as net-zero strategies, deploying capture and storage technologies, and converting CO2 into useful products have been proposed. In this review, we focused our attention on the preparation and performance of polymeric and crystalline materials for efficient CO2 capture. More precisely, we examined MOFs, petroleum-based polymers (amine-based, polymeric ionic liquid, ionic polymer, conjugated macro/micro-cyclic polymer, and porous organic polymer) as well as bio-based polymers for CO2 capture. In brief, the present work aims to guide the reader on the available crafted polymeric and crystalline materials offering a promising avenue towards innovative carbon dioxide capture strategy. Full article
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12 pages, 2661 KiB  
Article
Absolute Rate Constants for the Reaction of Benzil and 2,2′-Furil Triplet with Substituted Phenols in the Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate: A Nanosecond Laser Flash Photolysis Study
by Ada Ruth Bertoti and José Carlos Netto-Ferreira
AppliedChem 2024, 4(3), 224-235; https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem4030015 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 716
Abstract
The triplet excited state reactivity towards phenolic hydrogen of the α-diketones benzil and 2,2′-furil in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim.PF6] was investigated employing the nanosecond laser flash photolysis technique. Irradiation (λmax = 355 nm) of benzil [...] Read more.
The triplet excited state reactivity towards phenolic hydrogen of the α-diketones benzil and 2,2′-furil in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim.PF6] was investigated employing the nanosecond laser flash photolysis technique. Irradiation (λmax = 355 nm) of benzil yields its triplet excited state with λmax at 480 nm and τT = 9.6 μs. Under the same conditions, 2,2′-furil shows a triplet-triplet absorption spectrum with bands at 380, 410, 450, and 650 nm and τT = 1.4 μs. Quenching rate constants (kq) of the reaction between benzil triplet and substituted phenols ranged from 1.4 × 107 L mol−1 s−1 (para-chlorophenol) to 1.8 × 108 L mol−1 s−1 (para-methoxyphenol). A new transient was formed in all cases, assigned to the benzil ketyl. Similar results were obtained for the quenching of 2,2′-furil triplet by phenols, for which kq ranged from 1.9 × 108 L mol−1 s−1 (para-chlorophenol) to 2.2 × 108 L mol−1 s−1 (para-methoxyphenol). The 2,2′-furil ketyl radical was also observed in all cases (λmax = 380 nm). The quenching rate constants are almost independent of the substituent and diffusion-controlled (kq ~ 108 L mol−1 s−1). The proposed mechanism for the phenolic hydrogen abstraction by benzil and 2,2′-furil triplet may involve a proton-coupled electron transfer reaction, ultimately leading to the radical pair ketyl/aryloxyl. Full article
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