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Wind, Volume 4, Issue 3 (September 2024) – 2 articles

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19 pages, 1374 KiB  
Review
A Review of State of the Art for Accelerated Testing in Fluid Power Pitch Systems
by Diego Manuel Chamorro Ruz, Henrik C. Pedersen, Jesper Liniger, Mohit Bhola and Gyan Wrat
Wind 2024, 4(3), 208-226; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind4030011 - 10 Aug 2024
Viewed by 287
Abstract
Failures in hydraulic systems in offshore wind turbines represent an enormous challenge for manufacturers and operators, as the pitch system statistically is one of the subsystems contributing the most to the downtime of the turbines, which is the case for both electrical and [...] Read more.
Failures in hydraulic systems in offshore wind turbines represent an enormous challenge for manufacturers and operators, as the pitch system statistically is one of the subsystems contributing the most to the downtime of the turbines, which is the case for both electrical and hydraulic pitch systems. However, the complex failure mechanisms of the various different hydraulic components mean that, typically, the critical components of hydraulic systems must be tested to better understand the failure mechanisms. Nonetheless, conventional testing procedures are lengthy and costly. Accelerated testing plays a critical role as it can mimic hydraulic system failure mechanisms in a shorter period. However, the lack of standardized test methods and detailed knowledge about the failure-accelerating effects complicates the process. Therefore, this paper offers a comprehensive examination of approaches applicable to conducting accelerated tests on hydraulic systems. It identifies and discusses five primary component types or sub-components related to the acceleration of testing in hydraulic systems: pumps, cylinders, seals, valves, and hoses. Each section references studies that delve into accelerated testing methodologies for these individual components. Furthermore, within each component, a concise overview of the current techniques is provided, followed by a discussion and summary based on the state of the art. Full article
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18 pages, 3489 KiB  
Article
Development and Measurement of a Very Thick Aerodynamic Profile for Wind Turbine Blades
by Alois Peter Schaffarczyk, Brandon Arthur Lobo, Nicholas Balaresque, Volker Kremer, Janick Suhr and Zhongxia Wang
Wind 2024, 4(3), 190-207; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind4030010 - 12 Jul 2024
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Abstract
We designed 60% thick airfoil to improve the aerodynamic performance in the root region of wind turbine rotor blades, taking into account current constraints. After an extensive literature review and patent research, a design methodology (including the considerations of simple manufacturing) was set [...] Read more.
We designed 60% thick airfoil to improve the aerodynamic performance in the root region of wind turbine rotor blades, taking into account current constraints. After an extensive literature review and patent research, a design methodology (including the considerations of simple manufacturing) was set up, and extensive 2D- and 3D-CFD investigations with four codes (Xfoil, MSES, ANSYS fluent, and DLR-tau) were performed, including implementation inside a generic 10 MW test-blade (CIG10MW). Comparison with results from Blade Element Momentum (BEM) methods and the estimation of 3D effects due to the rotating blade were undertaken. One specific shape (with a pronounced flat-back) was selected and tested in the Deutsche WindGuard aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel (DWAA), in Bremerhaven, Germany. A total of 34 polars were measured, included two trailing edge shapes and aerodynamic devices such as vortex generators, gurney flaps, zig-zag tape, and a splitter plate. Considerable changes in lift and drag characteristics were observed due to the use of aerodynamic add-ons. With the studies presented here, we believe we have closed an important technological gap. Full article
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