Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. General Mechanism of RAFT Process
3. Novel RAFT Techniques
3.1. Photo-Induced Initiation
3.2. Metal-Catalytic Initiation
3.3. Redox Initiation
3.4. Enzyme Initiation
3.5. Acid Initiation
3.6. Other Initiation
3.7. Sulfur-Free RAFT Polymerization
4. Application
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Photoiniferter | Polymerization |
---|---|
Methyl methacrylate (MMA); Methyl acrylate (MA); Styrene [47] | |
Styrene [48] | |
Acrylic acid (AA) [50] | |
Vinyl acetate (VAc) [52] | |
MA [54] | |
Butyl methacrylate (BMA) [55,57]; MMA [57]; MA [57] | |
MA [57] | |
Benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) [51] |
RAFT agent | Photoredox Catalyst | Monomer |
---|---|---|
ZnTPP [63]; Eosin Y [66] Fluorescein [66]; Pheo A [70]; fac-[Ir(ppy)3] [58]; Ru(bpy)3Cl2 [61]; TiO2 [68]; Bacteriochlorophyll a [71] | MMA [58,63,66,68,71]; N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) [58]; Oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA) [61]; Oligo(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) [61]; Hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA) [66]; N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methactylate (DMAEMA) [66]; Pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFDMA) [66]; Methacrylic acid (MAA) [66]; Hydroxylpropyl methacrylamide (HPMA) [66]; Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) [66]; Oligo-ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) [66]; O-nitrobenzyl methacrylate(NBMA) [70] | |
fac-[Ir(ppy)3] [58]; Ru(bpy)3Cl2 [61]; ZnTPP [63]; Eosin Y [67] | MA [58,63]; Styrene [58,63]; Oligo(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA) [58,61]; Tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) [58]; N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) [58,61,63]; Isoprene [58]; N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) [58,61,63]; N,N’-diethylacrylamide (DEA) [61]; 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate (DMAEA) [63]; Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based acrylamides [67] | |
ZnTPP [63,70,72] | MMA [63]; N-(2-hydroxylpropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) [63]; O-nitrobenzyl methacrylate (NBMA) [70]; 2-(methylthio) ethyl methacrylate; (MTEMA) [72] | |
ZnTPP [63] | MMA [63] | |
ZnTPP [63]; fac-[Ir(ppy)3] [58] | Styrene [63]; MA [58] | |
10-phenylphenothiazine (PTH) [59] | NIPAAM [59]; DMA [59]; tBA [59]; Ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (EGMEA) [59] | |
fac-[Ir(ppy)3] [58] | VAc [58]; Vinyl pivalate (VP) [58]; Dimethyl vinylphosphonate (DVP) [58]; N-vinyl pyrolidinone (NVP) [58] | |
TEA [65]; PMDETA [65]; g-C3N4 [73]; Me6TREN [65] | MMA [65]; BuMA [65]; Ethyl methacrylate (EMA) [65]; MA [73]; DMA [73] | |
TEA [65]; PMDETA [65] g-C3N4 [73]; Me6TREN [65] | MA [65]; Styrene [65]; NIPAAM [65]; MA [73]; DMA [73] | |
TEA [65]; PMDETA [65]; Me6TREN [65] | OEGMA [65] | |
Eosin Y [69] | DMA [69]; 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) [69]; Acid functional 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid (AMPS) [69] NIPAAM [69]; Sodium styrenesulfonate (NaSS) [69]; Poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate (PEGA) [69] | |
g-C3N4 [73] | MA [73]; DMA [73] | |
g-C3N4 [73] | MMA [73] | |
R: | Sodium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoylphosphinate (SPTP) [74] | HPMA [74] |
RAFT Agent | Redox Initiator | Monomer |
---|---|---|
BPO/DMA [83,88] | 4-azidophenyl methacrylate (APM) [83]; MA [83,88]; MMA [83,88]; Styrene [83,88] | |
BPO/DMA [83,88]; BPO/ATP-ATA [84] | 4-azidophenyl methacrylate (APM) [83]; MA [83,88]; MMA [83,84,88]; Styrene [83,88] | |
KPS/NaAs [85] | 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) [85]; Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGDA) [85] | |
Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)/ascorbic acid (AsAc) [86]; TBHP/Bruggolite® FF7 (Brug 7) [86] | 4-acryloylmorpholine; HEA; DEA; EGMEA; AA; MA; NIPAAM; PEGA; DMA; 2-carboxyethylacrylate (CEA) [86] | |
K2S2O8/Na2S2O3 [87]; H2O2/Fe2+ [90] | NIPAAM [87]; AM [87]; DMA [90]; NAM [90]; HEA [90] | |
APS/SFS [89] | AA [89]; AM [89] |
RAFT Agent | Initiator | Monomer |
---|---|---|
Na2S2O4 [106]; ultrasonic irradiation [107]; electronreduction of BPO or BrPhN2+ [109] | Styrene [106]; MA [106,107,109]; MMA [109]; BA [109] | |
Na2S2O4 [106]; electronreduction of BPO or BrPhN2+ [109] | MMA [106]; GMA [106]; 2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DPA) [106]; DMAEMA [106]; MMA [109]; BA [109] | |
ultrasonic irradiation [108] | HEA; OEGA; DMA; N-acryloylmorpholine (NAM); OEGMA [108] |
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Tian, X.; Ding, J.; Zhang, B.; Qiu, F.; Zhuang, X.; Chen, Y. Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications. Polymers 2018, 10, 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10030318
Tian X, Ding J, Zhang B, Qiu F, Zhuang X, Chen Y. Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications. Polymers. 2018; 10(3):318. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10030318
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Xiangyu, Junjie Ding, Bin Zhang, Feng Qiu, Xiaodong Zhuang, and Yu Chen. 2018. "Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications" Polymers 10, no. 3: 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10030318