A Study on the Impact of Air Pollution on Health Status of Traffic Police Personnel in Kolkata, India
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selection of Study Area
2.2. Collection of Air Quality Data
2.3. Questionnaire-Based Survey
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Preparation of the Geographical Map
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of Air Quality Parameters
3.2. Analysis of Questionnaire-Based Survey Data
4. Recommendations
- Traffic police personnel can be protected from prolonged exposure to air pollution by implementing a roster system. The roster system is a mechanism to schedule traffic police personnels’ shifts to maintain adequate coverage while reducing their exposure to polluted environments on a continuous basis. This is how traffic police personnel will not be permanently stationed in the same high-pollution locations, decreasing their exposure to dangerous pollutants over an extended period. They can obtain enough rest in between shifts, which improves their alertness and effectiveness by allowing them to concentrate and make better decisions when on duty [36].
- To reduce exposure to peak traffic and pollution, shift timings should be optimized. Off-peak shifts are an approach where shifts can be scheduled during times of the day when traffic congestion is lower. Shift scheduling during peak traffic hours, such as early mornings and late afternoons, when pollution levels are generally higher due to increased vehicular activity, should be avoided. A reasonable shift duration should be maintained. The traffic police personnel should have adequate rest periods between shifts to recover from any potential exposure and stress [26,39,41,42].
- Traffic police personnel should be trained in the importance of reducing exposure to air pollution and educated about the health risks associated with prolonged exposure. Information on the proper use of PPE and healthy practices should be provided to minimize exposure during their shifts [42].
- The awareness campaign should start by arming traffic police personnel with thorough knowledge of the dangers that air pollution poses to their health. Specific high-risk areas with regularly high air pollution levels should be covered in the training. The training course should instruct police personnel on the early warning signs and symptoms of health problems due to air pollution. Because of their alertness, they can spot any health issues early and obtain treatment right away. Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and eye or throat discomfort are some common symptoms. To identify any health difficulties due to exposure to air pollution early on, the government can set up health monitoring programs. A healthy lifestyle, characterized by consistent exercise, maintaining a balanced diet, and refraining from smoking, should be upheld [63].
- The promotion of green vehicles may reduce emissions and provide a cleaner working environment for traffic police personnel [64,65,66]. Incorporating sound urban planning by prioritizing green spaces, proper zoning, and efficient road networks can contribute to an overall improvement in air quality. Encouraging the adoption of public transport as an alternative to private vehicles holds the promise of reducing air pollution [67]. Organizing a campaign to generate public awareness about the impact of air pollution on traffic police personnel can be thoughtful [68].
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sl. No. | Location Details | Location Characteristics |
---|---|---|
1. | Ballygunge | The site is enclosed by Syed Amir Ali Ave., Circus Ave., Gurusaday Rd., and Ballygunge Circular Rd. There is a significant amount of traffic on Syed Amir Ali Rd., leading to frequent congestion. The location is also close to the major Park Circus 7-point crossing, an important intersection in Kolkata, with vehicles being the primary source of pollution. |
The area represents a blend of commercial and residential spaces, encompassing commercial buildings, highrises, apartments, scattered residences, and intermittent green areas. | ||
2. | Fort William | The site is situated near the western side of Kolkata, along the banks of the Hooghly River. This location is intersected by significant roads with heavy traffic throughout the day. |
The area consistently receives pollutants from the traffic moving between Howrah and Kolkata via the Vidyasagar Setu, as well as vehicles commuting between Barabazar and Kolkata. The site’s vicinity to the Hooghly River and its surroundings, including the greenery of Fort William and Maidan, further characterize its environment. | ||
3. | Jadavpur | Situated alongside Jadavpur Main Rd., a crucial thoroughfare for accessing Central Kolkata, this site contends with pollutants from multiple sources. While vehicular emissions constitute a major contributor, considerable pollutants stem from both the roadside eateries and the neighboring residential area. |
4. | Rabindra Bharati University | This site is situated alongside B.T. Rd., a vital connection between Kolkata and the northern regions of West Bengal and other states. The road experiences heavy traffic, including goods and heavy-duty vehicles, leading to frequent congestion and subsequently higher pollutant emissions. |
The surroundings consist of buildings, highrises, and apartments, causing pollutants to disperse at a slower rate. | ||
5. | Rabindra Sarobar | Nestled beside Rabindra Sarobar Lake, this site is bordered by the significant Southern Ave., connecting Golpark, Gariahat, and Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd. Throughout the day, S.P. Mukherjee Rd. remains busy with traffic, while Southern Avenue experiences a surge in morning and evening traffic as officegoers travel to and from work. |
The site benefits from the presence of Rabindra Sarobar Lake and its lush green surroundings, providing relief from pollutants. | ||
6. | Victoria Memorial | Positioned near the Exide crossing, a pivotal junction linking north, central, and south Kolkata, this site assumes great importance. Its surroundings witness constant heavy traffic flow through major routes such as Asutosh Mukherjee Rd., Circus Ave., AJC Bose Rd. Flyover, Cathedral Rd., Hospital Rd., and Queens Way. |
Although vehicular pollutants have a significant impact on this site, its advantage lies in the ample greenery and open spaces nearby, including The Maidan and Racecourse Ground. These areas not only absorb pollutants but also aid in dispersing them. |
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Kar, S.; Chowdhury, S.; Gupta, T.; Hati, D.; De, A.; Ghatak, Z.; Tinab, T.; Rahman, I.T.; Chatterjee, S.; RoyChowdhury, A. A Study on the Impact of Air Pollution on Health Status of Traffic Police Personnel in Kolkata, India. Air 2024, 2, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/air2010001
Kar S, Chowdhury S, Gupta T, Hati D, De A, Ghatak Z, Tinab T, Rahman IT, Chatterjee S, RoyChowdhury A. A Study on the Impact of Air Pollution on Health Status of Traffic Police Personnel in Kolkata, India. Air. 2024; 2(1):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/air2010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleKar, Sayanti, Santanu Chowdhury, Tanya Gupta, Dipsita Hati, Arindam De, Ziniya Ghatak, Tahsin Tinab, Iffa Tasnim Rahman, Shreyashi Chatterjee, and Abhishek RoyChowdhury. 2024. "A Study on the Impact of Air Pollution on Health Status of Traffic Police Personnel in Kolkata, India" Air 2, no. 1: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/air2010001