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Article

Clinical Significance and Microbiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in Cutaneous Infections

by
Dimitra Koumaki
1,*,
Sofia Maraki
2,
Georgios Evangelou
1,
Evangelia Rovithi
1,
Danae Petrou
1,
Erato Solia Apokidou
3,
Stamatios Gregoriou
4,
Vasiliki Koumaki
5,
Petros Ioannou
6,7,
Kyriaki Zografaki
1,
Aikaterini Doxastaki
1,
Kalliopi Papadopoulou
8,
Dimitra Stafylaki
2,
Viktoria Eirini Mavromanolaki
9 and
Konstantinos Krasagakis
1
1
Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
2
Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Nikolaos General Hospital, Knosou 4, 72100 Agios Nikolaos, Greece
4
1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, I. Dragoumi 5, 16121 Athens, Greece
5
Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
6
Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
7
School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70003 Heraklion, Greece
8
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Venizeleio, Knossou Avenue 44, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
9
Department of Paediatrics, Agios Nikolaos General Hospital, 72100 Agios Nikolaos, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(15), 4327; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154327
Submission received: 23 June 2024 / Revised: 21 July 2024 / Accepted: 23 July 2024 / Published: 24 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) commonly found on human skin. Unlike other CoNS, S. lugdunensis has a notable potential to cause severe infections comparable to Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and microbiological profile of patients with S. lugdunensis skin infections at a single center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient records from the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of Heraklion, Greece, covering the period from January 2014 to January 2024. Patients’ clinical presentations, demographics, infection sites, comorbidities, prior infections, antimicrobial treatments, and therapeutic responses were examined. Specimens were collected, transported, and processed according to standardized microbiological protocols. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek 2 automated system and MALDI-TOF MS, with results interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. Results: A total of 123 skin specimens positive for S. lugdunensis were analyzed. The cohort comprised 62 males (50.4%) and 61 females (49.6%), with a mean age of 40.24 ± 20.14 years. Most specimens were collected from pus (84%), primarily from below the waist (66.7%). Hidradenitis suppurativa (26%) was the most common condition associated with S. lugdunensis, followed by folliculitis, abscesses, ulcers, cellulitis, and acne. Co-infections with other bacteria were noted in 49.6% of cases, and 25.2% of infections were nosocomially acquired. The majority of patients (65%) received systemic antibiotics, predominantly amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime axetil, and doxycycline, with a cure rate of 100%. All isolates were susceptible to several antibiotics, though resistance to penicillin (28.5%) and clindamycin (36%) was observed. Conclusions: S. lugdunensis is a significant pathogen in skin infections, capable of causing severe disease. The high cure rate demonstrates the effectiveness of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Continued monitoring and antimicrobial stewardship are essential to manage resistance and ensure effective treatment.
Keywords: Staphylococcus lugdunensis; antibiotic resistance; penicillin; erythromycin; skin infections Staphylococcus lugdunensis; antibiotic resistance; penicillin; erythromycin; skin infections

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MDPI and ACS Style

Koumaki, D.; Maraki, S.; Evangelou, G.; Rovithi, E.; Petrou, D.; Apokidou, E.S.; Gregoriou, S.; Koumaki, V.; Ioannou, P.; Zografaki, K.; et al. Clinical Significance and Microbiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in Cutaneous Infections. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154327

AMA Style

Koumaki D, Maraki S, Evangelou G, Rovithi E, Petrou D, Apokidou ES, Gregoriou S, Koumaki V, Ioannou P, Zografaki K, et al. Clinical Significance and Microbiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in Cutaneous Infections. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(15):4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154327

Chicago/Turabian Style

Koumaki, Dimitra, Sofia Maraki, Georgios Evangelou, Evangelia Rovithi, Danae Petrou, Erato Solia Apokidou, Stamatios Gregoriou, Vasiliki Koumaki, Petros Ioannou, Kyriaki Zografaki, and et al. 2024. "Clinical Significance and Microbiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in Cutaneous Infections" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 15: 4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154327

APA Style

Koumaki, D., Maraki, S., Evangelou, G., Rovithi, E., Petrou, D., Apokidou, E. S., Gregoriou, S., Koumaki, V., Ioannou, P., Zografaki, K., Doxastaki, A., Papadopoulou, K., Stafylaki, D., Mavromanolaki, V. E., & Krasagakis, K. (2024). Clinical Significance and Microbiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in Cutaneous Infections. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(15), 4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154327

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