Profile Map of Weld Beads and Its Formation Mechanism in Gas Metal Arc Welding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Profile Map and Stages of Weld Beads
3.2. Formation Mechanism of Reinforcement
3.2.1. W-Shaped Reinforcement
3.2.2. V-Shaped Reinforcement
3.2.3. U-Shaped Reinforcement
3.2.4. Four Stages of the Top Surface
4. Conclusions
- (1).
- The profile of weld beads obtained over a wide range of welding current in GMAW can be divided into three stages: (i) the filler metal overflowing the weld pool; (ii) the filler metal matching the weld pool; and (iii) the filler metal inadequate for the weld pool.
- (2).
- Both the flow pattern in the weld pool and the profile of a weld bead are determined by the combined effect of driving forces and the significant role played by the weld pool wall, such as bearing, constraining, and redirecting the liquid. The essence of the bottom wall’s role is redirecting and redistributing the molten metal.
- (3).
- The top surface of the reinforcement goes through stages of inversed-U, W, V, and U shapes, which consists of two parts: the central plate and the side plate. The side reinforcement is covered by the central one when the current is at a low level and emerges gradually with increasing current.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Mg | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Cr | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AA6061 | 0.96 | 0.52 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.26 | Bal. |
ER4043 | 0.05 | 5.60 | 0.80 | 0.30 | 0.05 | – | Bal. |
Process Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Mean voltage (V) | 24.3 |
Mean current (A) | A: 72 B: 88 C: 104 D: 120 E: 136 |
Wire feeding rate (mm/s) | A: 61 B: 71 C: 82 D: 94 E: 103 |
Wire diameter (mm) | 1.2 |
Welding speed (mm/s) | 10 |
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Zhang, Z.; Xue, J. Profile Map of Weld Beads and Its Formation Mechanism in Gas Metal Arc Welding. Metals 2019, 9, 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020146
Zhang Z, Xue J. Profile Map of Weld Beads and Its Formation Mechanism in Gas Metal Arc Welding. Metals. 2019; 9(2):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020146
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zhanhui, and Jiaxiang Xue. 2019. "Profile Map of Weld Beads and Its Formation Mechanism in Gas Metal Arc Welding" Metals 9, no. 2: 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020146