Effects of Long-Term Citrate Treatment in the PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Citrate Treatment Affects PC3 Cell Proliferation, Survival, and Metabolism
2.2. Citrate Alters Signaling Pathways Governing the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Survival of PC3 Cells
2.3. Cytoskeleton Dynamics is Altered in Citrate-Resistant PC3 Cells
2.4. The Mitochondrial Network is Altered in Citrate-Resistant PC3 Cells
2.5. Exocytic and Endocytic Organelles Are Altered in Citrate-Resistant PC3 Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Antibodies
4.3. Plasmids and Cell Transfections
4.4. Cell Culture and Growth Curve
4.5. Determination of Total ROS and Mitochondrial ROS Production
4.6. Measurements of ECAR
4.7. Annexin V/PI Apoptotic Assay
4.8. Immunoblotting
4.9. Bafilomycin Treatment
4.10. Fluorescence Microscopy
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACO2 | m-aconitase |
Cit | citrate |
F2,6BP | fructose 2,6-bisphosphate |
PCa | prostate cancer |
PFK1 | phosphofructokinase 1 |
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Caiazza, C.; D’Agostino, M.; Passaro, F.; Faicchia, D.; Mallardo, M.; Paladino, S.; Pierantoni, G.M.; Tramontano, D. Effects of Long-Term Citrate Treatment in the PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112613
Caiazza C, D’Agostino M, Passaro F, Faicchia D, Mallardo M, Paladino S, Pierantoni GM, Tramontano D. Effects of Long-Term Citrate Treatment in the PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(11):2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112613
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaiazza, Carmen, Massimo D’Agostino, Fabiana Passaro, Deriggio Faicchia, Massimo Mallardo, Simona Paladino, Giovanna Maria Pierantoni, and Donatella Tramontano. 2019. "Effects of Long-Term Citrate Treatment in the PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11: 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112613
APA StyleCaiazza, C., D’Agostino, M., Passaro, F., Faicchia, D., Mallardo, M., Paladino, S., Pierantoni, G. M., & Tramontano, D. (2019). Effects of Long-Term Citrate Treatment in the PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(11), 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112613