Selective Recovery of Tellurium from the Tellurium-Bearing Sodium Carbonate Slag by Sodium Sulfide Leaching Followed by Cyclone Electrowinning
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Reagents and Materials
2.2. Experimental Equipment and Procedure
2.2.1. Sodium Sulfide Leaching
2.2.2. Cyclone Electrowinning
2.3. Calculation Method
2.4. Characterization and Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Sodium Sulfide Leaching
3.1.1. Thermodynamic Analyses
3.1.2. Different Effects on Sodium Sulfide Leaching of TSCS
3.2. Tellurium Cyclone Electrowinning
3.2.1. Effect of Current Density
3.2.2. Effect of Electrolyte Temperature
3.2.3. Effect of Flow Rate of the Electrolyte
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- In this study, an efficient and selective process was proposed to recover tellurium from TSCS by sodium sulfide leaching followed by cyclone electrowinning;
- (2)
- A total of 88% of tellurium was selectively extracted in 40 g/L Na2S solution at 50 °C for 60 min with liquid to solid ratio of 8:1 mL/g, while antimony, lead and bismuth were enriched in the leaching residue;
- (3)
- Tellurium in the sodium sulfide leach liquor of the TSCS was directly electrowon by cyclone electrowinning. The optimized experimental conditions were found to be 80 A/m2 of current density, 45 °C of electrolyte temperature and 400 L/h of electrolyte flow rate. Under these conditions, the tellurium concentration in the leach liquor decreased from 12.81 to 0.62 g/L. A total of 91.81% of current efficiency and 95.47% of tellurium recovery were achieved. The average cell voltage and energy consumption were 1.98 V and 1.81 kWh/kg, respectively;
- (4)
- The purity of tellurium deposits reached 99.38%. Smooth and uniform tellurium deposits with rod-like crystal were obtained. The tellurium deposits showed a strong preferred orientation of (010). By increasing the current density and electrolyte flow rate and decreasing the temperature, the growth of (110) crystal planes was suppressed.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Sb | Te | Pb | Na | Bi | Zn | Si | Fe | Al | Se | Cu |
Wt.% | 23.60 | 11.60 | 11.50 | 9.74 | 5.21 | 1.71 | 2.29 | 2.16 | 1.49 | 0.97 | 0.95 |
Species | Na2TeO4 | NaSb(OH)6 | |||
(kJ/mol) | −392.98 | −980.85 | −1487.51 | 85.66 | −157.32 |
Species | H2O | ||||
(kJ/mol) | −110.91 | −45.87 | −36.19 | −237.14 | −261.88 |
Element | Sb | Pb | Na | Bi | S | Fe | Te | Si | Zn | Al | Cu | Se |
Wt.% | 25.52 | 12.64 | 8.06 | 6.04 | 4.40 | 3.34 | 2.80 | 2.12 | 1.91 | 1.51 | 1.03 | 0.56 |
Element | Te | Se | Cu 1 | As 1 | Sb 1 | Fe 1 | Pb 1 | Ni 1 |
Concentration (g/L) | 12.82 | 0.47 | 22.02 | 23.34 | 12.71 | 1.56 | 0.16 | 0.13 |
Element | Te | Se | Cu | S | Na 2 | Zn 2 | Sb 2 | Pb 2 | Ni 2 |
wt (%) | 99.38 | 0.51 | 0.033 | 0.060 | 48.08 | 36.90 | 7.04 | 5.65 | 11.80 |
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Xu, Z.; Li, Z.; Li, D.; Guo, X.; Yang, Y.; Tian, Q.; Li, J. Selective Recovery of Tellurium from the Tellurium-Bearing Sodium Carbonate Slag by Sodium Sulfide Leaching Followed by Cyclone Electrowinning. Metals 2020, 10, 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091176
Xu Z, Li Z, Li D, Guo X, Yang Y, Tian Q, Li J. Selective Recovery of Tellurium from the Tellurium-Bearing Sodium Carbonate Slag by Sodium Sulfide Leaching Followed by Cyclone Electrowinning. Metals. 2020; 10(9):1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091176
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Zhipeng, Zoujiang Li, Dong Li, Xueyi Guo, Ying Yang, Qinghua Tian, and Jun Li. 2020. "Selective Recovery of Tellurium from the Tellurium-Bearing Sodium Carbonate Slag by Sodium Sulfide Leaching Followed by Cyclone Electrowinning" Metals 10, no. 9: 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091176