Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Ameliorates Chronic Alcohol Consumption-Induced Atrial Fibrillation through Detoxification of 4-HNE
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Generation of ALDH2*2 Knock-In (KI) Mice
2.2. Increased 4-HNE Production in the ALDH2*2 KI Mice with Chronic Ethanol Intoxication
2.3. Increased AF Inducibility in the ALDH2*2 KI Mice with Chronic Ethanol Intoxication
2.4. Increased Atrial Fibrosis in the ALDH2*2 KI Mice with Chronic Ethanol Consumption
2.5. In Vivo Treatment with Alda-1 (ALDH2 Activator)
2.6. Association of the ALDH2*2 Polymorphism with Oxidative Stress and Structural Remodeling in Human AF Tissues
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethics Statement
4.2. Human Samples
4.3. Generation of ALDH2*2 KI Mice Using CRISPR/CAS9
4.4. Mice Maintenance
4.5. Ethanol Challenge
4.6. ALDH2 Enzymatic Activity
4.7. Western Blot Analysis
4.8. Programmed Electrical Stimulation
4.9. Histology and Immunohistochemistry
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hsu, L.-A.; Tsai, F.-C.; Yeh, Y.-H.; Chang, C.-J.; Kuo, C.-T.; Chen, W.-J.; Tsai, H.-Y.; Chang, G.-J. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Ameliorates Chronic Alcohol Consumption-Induced Atrial Fibrillation through Detoxification of 4-HNE. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186678
Hsu L-A, Tsai F-C, Yeh Y-H, Chang C-J, Kuo C-T, Chen W-J, Tsai H-Y, Chang G-J. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Ameliorates Chronic Alcohol Consumption-Induced Atrial Fibrillation through Detoxification of 4-HNE. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(18):6678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186678
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu, Lung-An, Feng-Chun Tsai, Yung-Hsin Yeh, Chi-Jen Chang, Chi-Tai Kuo, Wei-Jan Chen, Hsin-Yi Tsai, and Gwo-Jyh Chang. 2020. "Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Ameliorates Chronic Alcohol Consumption-Induced Atrial Fibrillation through Detoxification of 4-HNE" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18: 6678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186678