Influence of Hydroxyapatite Nanospheres in Dentin Adhesive on the Dentin Bond Integrity and Degree of Conversion: A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR), and Microtensile Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of Experimental and HA Resin Adhesives
2.2. Characterization of HA and Synthesized Adhesive
2.3. Tooth Preparation and Bonding Procedure
2.4. Micro-Tensile Bond Strength (μTBS)
2.5. Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of Dentin–Adhesive Bonded Specimen
2.6. SEM Observation of Bonded Adhesive/Dentin Interface
2.7. Degree of Conversion (DC)
- Caliphatic is 1638 cm−1 absorption peak of polymerized resin,
- Caromatic is 1607 cm−1 absorption peak of polymerized resin,
- Ualiphatic is 1638 cm−1 absorption peak of unpolymerized resin and
- Uaromatic is 1607 cm−1 absorption peak of unpolymerized resin.
3. Results
3.1. SEM/EDX Outcomes
3.2. Microtensile Bond Strength (μTBS)
3.3. FTIR Analysis
3.4. Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Outcomes
3.5. Degree of Conversion (DC)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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μTBS (MPa) (Mean ± SD) | Failure Mode Analysis (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group (n = 10) | NTC | TC | p-Value * | Adhesive | Cohesive | Mixed |
CEA | 27.36 ± 2.80 a A | - | <0.01 | 80 | 0 | 20 |
- | 21.71 ± 3.85 a B | 100 | 0 | 0 | ||
HA (5%) | 32.50 ± 3.47 bA | 60 | 20 | 20 | ||
- | 25.31 ± 3.84 a B | 80 | 0 | 20 | ||
HA (10%) | 24.41 ± 3.72 a A | 70 | 0 | 30 | ||
- | 17.60 ± 4.36 b B | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Group | Degree of Conversion (Mean ± SD) | Tukey (p < 0.05) |
---|---|---|
CEA | 62.3 ± 5.2 | A |
HA (5 %) | 58.1 ± 4.8 | A |
HA (10 %) | 51.8 ± 5.6 | C |
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Al-Hamdan, R.S.; Almutairi, B.; Kattan, H.F.; Alsuwailem, N.A.; Farooq, I.; Vohra, F.; Abduljabbar, T. Influence of Hydroxyapatite Nanospheres in Dentin Adhesive on the Dentin Bond Integrity and Degree of Conversion: A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR), and Microtensile Study. Polymers 2020, 12, 2948. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122948
Al-Hamdan RS, Almutairi B, Kattan HF, Alsuwailem NA, Farooq I, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Influence of Hydroxyapatite Nanospheres in Dentin Adhesive on the Dentin Bond Integrity and Degree of Conversion: A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR), and Microtensile Study. Polymers. 2020; 12(12):2948. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122948
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Hamdan, Rana S, Basil Almutairi, Hiba F Kattan, Noura A. Alsuwailem, Imran Farooq, Fahim Vohra, and Tariq Abduljabbar. 2020. "Influence of Hydroxyapatite Nanospheres in Dentin Adhesive on the Dentin Bond Integrity and Degree of Conversion: A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR), and Microtensile Study" Polymers 12, no. 12: 2948. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122948