A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Calculation of the Sample Size
2.3. “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ” [CADIZ-PREVENT] Intervention Protocol
2.3.1. In the Classroom (Implemented on the Children and Conducted by the Teachers)
2.3.2. At the Family Level (with Parents or Caregivers)
2.3.3. At the School Level (with Teachers and the Management Team of the Schools)
2.4. Procedures and Assessments
2.4.1. Participation of the Schools in Health Promotion Activities
2.4.2. Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Information
2.4.3. Anthropometric Measurements
2.4.4. Self-Reported Physical Fitness
2.4.5. Physical Activity and Screen Time
2.4.6. Diet
2.4.7. Sleep, Overall Health, Feelings and Emotions
2.4.8. Health Resources
2.4.9. Breastfeeding, Childbirth Type and Birth Weight
2.4.10. Participant Satisfaction/Reaction and Adherence to the Intervention
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Timeline of the Intervention
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sessions | Objectives |
---|---|
Session 1 Our development | To recognize weight and height as signs of development. |
Session 2 Let’s assess | To recognize and accept one’s own physical appearance and that of others. |
Session 3 Our digestion | To get to know the digestive tract and its functions; to practice dietary hygiene habits. |
Session 4 Food groups | To get to know the food groups and how to differentiate them according to their origin. |
Session 5 Nutrients and their functions | To get to know nutrients and their functions. |
Session 6 The food pyramid and exercise | To get to know the primary recommendations for eating and exercising; to show skills associated with these recommendations. |
Session 7 The best breakfast | To identify content and quantities of a health breakfast; to experiment how breakfast can be attractive and desirable. |
Session 8 Physical activity and sleep | To Improve health habits of physical activity, sleep and eating. |
Session 9 Review and synthesis | To integrate physical activity, sleep and healthy eating into habits. |
Session 10 Photovoice | To identify, to become aware and to use the health resources readily available. |
Workshops | Length | Content | Materials |
---|---|---|---|
Healthy eating workshop | 45 min | Macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) Micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) Nutrition labeling Developing a healthy monthly menu | Graphic and audiovisual media |
Healthy cooking workshop | 45 min | Making healthy bread: the recipe for healthy bread will be given to parents and the bread will be made in front of them so they can see how it is made. They will take a previously prepared bread so they can taste it. Making healthy cookies: parents will be given the recipe for healthy cookies and cookies will be made in front of them so they can see how they are made. Pre-made cookies will be taken so they can try them. | Two glass bowls A whisk |
Healthy lifestyles workshop | 45 min | What is physical activity? Benefits of healthy physical activity Tricks to increase the time of healthy physical activity Harms of sedentary lifestyle Tricks to reduce sedentary lifestyle Planning of free or leisure time | Graphic and audiovisual media |
Workshop on assets/resources available to improve health | 45 min | Current health concept What are assets for health? What resources/assets for health exist? Resources/assets for health that we have at our disposal Motivation to improve our health status | Graphic and audiovisual media |
Measure/s | Tool/s | Measurement Time |
---|---|---|
Participation of the schools in health promotion activities | Questionnaire addressed to directors, management team or teachers Name: Questionnaire—Cádiz Prevent Program: Directors—Management teams—Teachers (S10) Number of items: 6 Reference: modified from the intervention carried out in the study “Previene” [Prevent] from Granada [10] and POIBA from Barcelona [38] | Within 6 months before the intervention |
Sociodemographic and socioeconomic information | Questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren Name: How we eat (S2) Number of items: 8 Reference: modified from the intervention carried out in the study “Previene” [Prevent] from Granada [10] and POIBA from Barcelona [38] Questionnaire addressed to family or legal guardians Name: Families. How we eat and move (S4) Number of items: 11 Reference: modified from the intervention carried out in the study “Previene” [Prevent] from Granada [10] and POIBA from Barcelona [38] | Pre intervention measurements: within 2 months before the intervention and post intervention measurements: within 2 months after the intervention |
Anthropometric measurements | Body weight: mechanical scale sensitive to 100 g (SECA Colorata 760, Hamburg, Germany) Height: portable stadiometer with a precision of 0.1 cm (SECA 213, Hamburg, Germany) Triceps skinfold thickness and subscapular skinfold thickness: caliper with a precision of 0.2mm (HOLTAIN DIM-98.610ND, London, England) Waist and hip circumference: tape measure with a precision of 1mm (SECA 201, Hamburg, Germany) | Pre intervention measurements: within 2 months before the intervention and post intervention measurements: within 2 months after the intervention |
Self-reported physical fitness | Questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren Name: International Fitness Scale (IFIS) (Children version) (S5) Number of items: 5 Reference: PROFITH research group, Granada, Spain [44] Questionnaire addressed to family or legal guardians Name: International Fitness Scale (IFIS) (Adults version) (S6) Number of items: 5 Reference: PROFITH research group, Granada, Spain [45] | Pre intervention measurements: within 2 months before the intervention and post intervention measurements: within 2 months after the intervention |
Physical activity and screen time | Questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren Name: How we move and feel (S3) Number of items: 17 Reference: modified from the intervention carried out in the study “Previene” [Prevent] from Granada [10] and POIBA from Barcelona [38] Questionnaire addressed to family or legal guardians Name: Families. How we eat and move (S4) Number of items: 15 Reference: modified from the intervention carried out in the study “Previene” [Prevent] from Granada [10] and POIBA from Barcelona [38] | Pre intervention measurements: within 2 months before the intervention and post intervention measurements: within 2 months after the intervention |
Diet | Questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren Name: How we eat (S2) Number of items: 56 Reference: modified from the intervention carried out in the study “Previene” [Prevent] from Granada [10] and POIBA from Barcelona [38] Questionnaire addressed to family or legal guardians Name: Families. How we eat and move (S4) Number of items: 91 Reference: modified from the intervention carried out in the study “Previene” [Prevent] from Granada [10] and POIBA from Barcelona [38] | Pre intervention measurements: within 2 months before the intervention and post intervention measurements: within 2 months after the intervention |
Sleep, overall health, feelings and emotions | Questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren Name: How we move and feel (S3) Number of items: 22 Reference: modified from the intervention carried out in the study “Previene” [Prevent] from Granada [10] and POIBA from Barcelona [38] | Pre intervention measurements: within 2 months before the intervention and post intervention measurements: within 2 months after the intervention |
Health resources | Photovoice Addressed to schoolchildren and family or legal guardians Reference: Wang et al. [46] | During the intervention (6 months) |
Breastfeeding, delivery type and birth weight | Questionnaire addressed to family or legal guardians Name: CADIZ-PREVENT—Breastfeeding, childbirth and birth weight (S7) Number of items: 7 Reference: created by the research team based on the information from the scientific literature [47,48,49,50,51] | Post intervention measurements: within 2 months after the intervention |
Participant satisfaction/reaction and adherence to the intervention | World Cafe Addressed to schoolchildren, family or legal guardians, teachers and management teams of four schools selected of the intervention group Reference: www.theworldcafe.com Questionnaire addressed to management teams of the intervention group Name: CADIZ-PREVENT Program Evaluation Questionnaire. Directors—Management teams (S8) Number of items: 14 Reference: designed by the research team of the CADIZ-PREVENT study Questionnaire addressed to teachers of the intervention group Name: CADIZ-PREVENT Program Evaluation Questionnaire. Teachers (S9) Number of items: 35 Reference: designed by the research team of the CADIZ-PREVENT study | Post intervention measurements: within 2 months after the intervention |
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Aragón-Martín, R.; Gómez-Sánchez, M.d.M.; Jiménez-Pavón, D.; Martínez-Nieto, J.M.; Schwarz-Rodríguez, M.; Segundo-Iglesias, C.; Novalbos-Ruiz, J.P.; Santi-Cano, M.J.; Castro-Piñero, J.; Lineros-González, C.; et al. A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041622
Aragón-Martín R, Gómez-Sánchez MdM, Jiménez-Pavón D, Martínez-Nieto JM, Schwarz-Rodríguez M, Segundo-Iglesias C, Novalbos-Ruiz JP, Santi-Cano MJ, Castro-Piñero J, Lineros-González C, et al. A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041622
Chicago/Turabian StyleAragón-Martín, Rubén, María del Mar Gómez-Sánchez, David Jiménez-Pavón, José Manuel Martínez-Nieto, Mónica Schwarz-Rodríguez, Carmen Segundo-Iglesias, José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz, María José Santi-Cano, José Castro-Piñero, Carmen Lineros-González, and et al. 2021. "A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041622