Victims and Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse: Abusive Contact and Penetration Experiences
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instrument
Child Sexual Abuse Experiences Questionnaire
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Experience 1. “Somebody Rubbed His/Her Private Parts against Me”
3.2. Experience 2. “Somebody Fondled Some Part of My Body”
3.3. Experience 3. “Somebody Touched My Private Parts”
3.4. Experience 4. “Somebody Asked Me to Touch His/Her Private Parts”
3.5. Experience 5. “Somebody Kissed Me”
3.6. Experience 6. “Somebody Forced Me to Perform a Sexual Act Involving Penetration”
- There were no gender differences regarding the age at the first episode of contact CSA. The most prevalent age was from 6 years old onwards. The age comparison among the different types of CSA is shown in Figure 1.
- The abuses usually happened more than once, without gender differences.
- In cases where the abuses happened more than once, the most invasive abuses were committed by the same person (touching the victim’s private parts, asking the victim to touch the perpetrator’s private parts, and forcing the victim to perform a sexual act involving penetration). There were no gender differences.
- The most prevalent perpetrator was a male, although there were gender differences in most of the experiences, such that a female perpetrator was more prevalent in male victims.
- Most of the CSA experiences were committed by an adult acquaintance, a strange adult, and other minors. The comparison among the types of CSA is shown in Figure 2. However, there were some gender differences: males more frequently reported having been rubbed and kissed by another minor and tended to report having been forced to perform a sexual act involving penetration by a person responsible for childcare, whereas female victims more frequently reported having been fondled and touched by an adult family member.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N | % | Male (n = 50) | Female (n = 106) | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at first experience | |||||
<6 | 9 | 5.8 | 4.0 | 6.6 | 0.46 |
6–11 | 63 | 40.4 | 42.0 | 39.6 | |
12–15 | 46 | 29.5 | 30.0 | 29.2 | |
16–17 | 38 | 24.4 | 24.0 | 24.5 | |
Number of times | |||||
Once | 49 | 31.4 | 42.0 | 26.4 | 5.95 |
2–3 | 65 | 41.7 | 42.0 | 41.5 | |
4–5 | 14 | 9.0 | 6.8 | 10.4 | |
>5 | 28 | 17.9 | 10.0 | 21.7 | |
Perpetrator (more than one experience) | |||||
Same person | 46 | 43.0 | 44.8 | 42.3 | 0.06 |
Different people | 61 | 57.0 | 55.2 | 57.7 | |
Gender of perpetrator | |||||
Male | 140 | 89.7 | 80.0 | 94.3 | 9.03 a,** |
Female | 13 | 8.3 | 18.0 | 3.8 | |
Both | 3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | |
Relationship with perpetrator | |||||
Parent | 9 | 5.8 | 2.0 | 7.5 | 1.92 |
Another adult family member | 29 | 18.6 | 12.0 | 21.7 | 2.11 |
Responsible for childcare | 8 | 5.1 | 6.0 | 4.7 | 0.11 |
Adult acquaintance | 52 | 33.3 | 36.0 | 32.1 | 0.24 |
Strange adult | 65 | 41.7 | 32.0 | 46.2 | 2.83 |
Another minor | 40 | 25.6 | 40.0 | 18.9 | 7.96 ** |
Variables | N | % | Male (n = 49) | Female (n = 132) | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at first experience | |||||
<6 | 12 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 2.33 |
6–11 | 70 | 38.7 | 34.7 | 40.2 | |
12–15 | 61 | 33.7 | 30.6 | 34.8 | |
16–17 | 38 | 21.0 | 28.6 | 18.2 | |
Number of times | |||||
Once | 67 | 37.0 | 44.9 | 34.1 | 3.03 |
2–3 | 65 | 35.9 | 36.7 | 35.6 | |
4–5 | 17 | 9.4 | 6.1 | 10.6 | |
>5 | 32 | 17.7 | 12.2 | 19.7 | |
Perpetrator (more than one experience) | |||||
Same person | 51 | 44.7 | 48.1 | 43.7 | 0.17 |
Different people | 63 | 55.3 | 51.9 | 56.3 | |
Gender of perpetrator | |||||
Male | 162 | 89.5 | 73.5 | 95.5 | 20.61 a,** |
Female | 16 | 8.8 | 24.5 | 3.0 | |
Both | 3 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.5 | |
Relationship with perpetrator | |||||
Parent | 10 | 5.5 | 2.0 | 6.8 | 1.56 |
Another adult family member | 31 | 17.1 | 8.2 | 20.5 | 3.80 * |
Responsible for childcare | 9 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 0.19 |
Adult acquaintance | 63 | 34.8 | 30.6 | 36.4 | 0.52 |
Strange adult | 61 | 33.7 | 36.7 | 32.6 | 0.28 |
Another minor | 53 | 29.3 | 30.6 | 28.8 | 0.06 |
Variables | N | % | Male (n = 35) | Female (n = 72) | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at first experience | |||||
<6 | 9 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 3.47 |
6–11 | 53 | 49.5 | 37.1 | 55.6 | |
12–15 | 24 | 22.4 | 28.6 | 19.4 | |
16–17 | 21 | 19.6 | 25.7 | 16.7 | |
Number of times | |||||
Once | 46 | 43.0 | 45.7 | 41.7 | 5.75 |
2–3 | 33 | 30.8 | 40.0 | 26.4 | |
4–5 | 9 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 8.3 | |
>5 | 19 | 17.8 | 5.7 | 23.6 | |
Perpetrator (more than one experience) | |||||
Same person | 39 | 63.9 | 73.7 | 59.5 | 1.14 |
Different people | 22 | 36.1 | 26.3 | 40.5 | |
Gender of perpetrator | |||||
Male | 89 | 83.2 | 62.9 | 93.1 | 15.40 a,** |
Female | 15 | 14.0 | 31.4 | 5.6 | |
Both | 3 | 2.8 | 5.7 | 1.4 | |
Relationship with perpetrator | |||||
Parent | 9 | 8.4 | 5.7 | 9.7 | 0.50 |
Another adult family member | 20 | 18.7 | 8.6 | 23.6 | 3.51 * |
Responsible for childcare | 6 | 5.6 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.86 |
Adult acquaintance | 40 | 37.4 | 34.3 | 38.9 | 0.21 |
Strange adult | 31 | 29.0 | 31.4 | 27.8 | 0.15 |
Another minor | 24 | 22.4 | 25.7 | 20.8 | 0.32 |
Variables | N | % | Male (n = 44) | Female (n = 68) | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at first experience | |||||
<6 | 8 | 7.1 | 9.1 | 5.9 | 2.79 a |
6–11 | 35 | 31.3 | 36.4 | 27.9 | |
12–15 | 38 | 33.9 | 25.0 | 39.7 | |
16–17 | 31 | 27.7 | 29.5 | 26.5 | |
Number of times | |||||
Once | 45 | 40.2 | 50.0 | 33.8 | 4.89 |
2–3 | 42 | 37.5 | 34.1 | 39.7 | |
4–5 | 9 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 7.4 | |
>5 | 16 | 14.3 | 6.8 | 19.1 | |
Perpetrator (more than one experience) | |||||
Same person | 41 | 61.2 | 72.7 | 55.6 | 1.85 |
Different people | 26 | 38.8 | 27.3 | 44.4 | |
Gender of perpetrator | |||||
Male | 98 | 87.5 | 70.5 | 98.5 | 19.25 ** |
Female | 14 | 12.5 | 29.5 | 1.5 | |
Both | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
Relationship with perpetrator | |||||
Parent | 5 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 7.4 | 3.38 |
Another adult family member | 18 | 16.1 | 11.4 | 19.1 | 1.20 |
Responsible for childcare | 4 | 3.6 | 6.8 | 1.5 | 2.21 |
Adult acquaintance | 36 | 32.1 | 31.8 | 32.4 | 0.01 |
Strange adult | 32 | 28.6 | 22.7 | 32.4 | 1.21 |
Another minor | 36 | 32.1 | 36.4 | 29.4 | 0.59 |
Variables | N | % | Male (n = 36) | Female (n = 84) | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at first experience | |||||
<6 | 3 | 2.5 | 5.6 | 1.2 | 2.56 a |
6–11 | 30 | 25.0 | 27.8 | 23.8 | |
12–15 | 47 | 39.2 | 38.9 | 39.3 | |
16–17 | 40 | 33.3 | 27.8 | 35.7 | |
Number of times | |||||
Once | 44 | 36.7 | 36.1 | 36.9 | 1.29 a |
2–3 | 54 | 45.0 | 50.0 | 42.9 | |
4–5 | 6 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 4.8 | |
>5 | 16 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 15.5 | |
Perpetrator (more than one experience) | |||||
Same person | 32 | 42.1 | 43.5 | 41.5 | 0.03 |
Different people | 44 | 57.9 | 56.5 | 58.5 | |
Gender of perpetrator | |||||
Male | 85 | 70.8 | 25.0 | 90.5 | 54.83 a,** |
Female | 29 | 24.2 | 66.7 | 6.0 | |
Both | 6 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 3.6 | |
Relationship with perpetrator | |||||
Parent | 5 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 2.24 |
Another adult family member | 17 | 14.2 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 0.40 |
Responsible for childcare | 8 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 0.10 |
Adult acquaintance | 41 | 34.2 | 25.0 | 38.1 | 1.92 |
Strange adult | 31 | 25.8 | 22.2 | 27.4 | 0.35 |
Another minor | 54 | 45.0 | 61.1 | 38.1 | 5.40 * |
Variables | N | % | Male (n = 12) | Female (n = 18) | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at first experience | |||||
<6 | 1 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 5.6 | 1.22 a |
6–11 | 11 | 36.7 | 41.7 | 33.3 | |
12–15 | 4 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 16.7 | |
16–17 | 14 | 46.7 | 50.0 | 44.4 | |
Number of times | |||||
Once | 13 | 43.3 | 33.3 | 50.0 | 0.85 a |
2–3 | 11 | 36.7 | 41.7 | 33.3 | |
4–5 | 2 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 5.6 | |
>5 | 4 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 11.1 | |
Perpetrator (more than one experience) | |||||
Same person | 10 | 58.8 | 50.0 | 66.7 | 0.49 |
Different people | 7 | 41.2 | 50.0 | 33.3 | |
Gender of perpetrator | |||||
Male | 26 | 86.7 | 75.0 | 94.4 | 2.36 |
Female | 4 | 13.3 | 25.0 | 5.6 | |
Both | 0 | - | - | - | |
Relationship with perpetrator | |||||
Parent | 3 | 10.0 | 8.3 | 11.1 | 0.06 |
Another adult family member | 6 | 20.0 | 16.7 | 22.2 | 0.14 |
Responsible for childcare | 3 | 10.0 | 25.0 | 0.0 | 5.0 * |
Adult acquaintance | 10 | 33.3 | 50.0 | 22.2 | 2.5 |
Strange adult | 8 | 26.7 | 33.3 | 22.2 | 0.45 |
Another minor | 6 | 20.0 | 8.3 | 27.8 | 1.71 |
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Ferragut, M.; Ortiz-Tallo, M.; Blanca, M.J. Victims and Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse: Abusive Contact and Penetration Experiences. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189593
Ferragut M, Ortiz-Tallo M, Blanca MJ. Victims and Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse: Abusive Contact and Penetration Experiences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189593
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerragut, Marta, Margarita Ortiz-Tallo, and Maria J. Blanca. 2021. "Victims and Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse: Abusive Contact and Penetration Experiences" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189593