Journal Description
Atoms
Atoms
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of the atom published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), Astrophysics Data System, Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, INSPIRE, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q2 (Nuclear and High Energy Physics)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19.1 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.9 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
1.7 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
1.8 (2023)
Latest Articles
Properties of a Static Dipolar Impurity in a 2D Dipolar BEC
Atoms 2025, 13(3), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13030024 - 10 Mar 2025
Abstract
We study a system of ultra-cold dipolar Bose gas atoms confined in a two-dimensional (2D) harmonic trap with a dipolar impurity implanted at the center of the trap. Due to recent experimental progress in dipolar condensates, we focused on calculating properties of dipolar
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We study a system of ultra-cold dipolar Bose gas atoms confined in a two-dimensional (2D) harmonic trap with a dipolar impurity implanted at the center of the trap. Due to recent experimental progress in dipolar condensates, we focused on calculating properties of dipolar impurity systems that might guide experimentalists if they choose to study impurities in dipolar gases. We used the Gross–Pitaevskii formalism solved numerically via the split-step Crank–Nicolson method. We chose parameters of the background gas to be consistent with dysprosium (Dy), one of the strongest magnetic dipoles and of current experimental interest, and used chromium (Cr), erbium (Er), terbium (Tb), and Dy for the impurity. The dipole moments were aligned by an external field along what was chosen to be the z-axis, and we studied 2D confinements that were perpendicular or parallel to the external field. We show density contour plots for the two confinements, 1D cross-sections of the densities, calculated self-energies of the impurities while varying both number of atoms in the condensate and the symmetry of the trap. We also calculated the time evolution of the density of an initially pure system where an impurity is introduced. Our results show that while the self-energy increases in magnitude with increasing number of particles, it is reduced when the trap anisotropy follows the natural anisotropy of the gas, i.e., elongated along the z-axis in the case of parallel confinement. This work builds upon work conducted in Bose gases with zero-range interactions and demonstrates some of the features that could be found when exploring dipolar impurities in 2D Bose gases.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cold Atoms, Quantum Gases and Bose-Einstein Condensation)
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Theoretical Investigation on Vortex Electron Impact Excitation of a Mg Atom Confined in a Solid-State Environment
by
Sophia Strnat, Aloka K. Sahoo, Lalita Sharma, Jonas Sommerfeldt, Daesung Park, Christian Bick and Andrey Surzhykov
Atoms 2025, 13(3), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13030023 - 24 Feb 2025
Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of the inelastic scattering of vortex electrons by many-electron atoms embedded in a solid-state environment. Special emphasis is placed on the probability of exciting a target atom and on the relative population of its magnetic substates as described
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We present a theoretical investigation of the inelastic scattering of vortex electrons by many-electron atoms embedded in a solid-state environment. Special emphasis is placed on the probability of exciting a target atom and on the relative population of its magnetic substates as described by the set of alignment parameters. These parameters are directly related to the angular distribution of the subsequent radiative decay. To demonstrate the application of the developed theoretical approach, we present calculations for the excitation of a Mg atom and its subsequent radiative decay. Our results highlight the significance of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) projection as well as the relative position of the vortex electron with respect to the target atom.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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Stopping Power of Iron for Protons: Theoretical Calculations from Very Low to High Energies
by
Jesica P. Peralta, Alejandra M. P. Mendez, Dario M. Mitnik and Claudia C. Montanari
Atoms 2025, 13(3), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13030022 - 20 Feb 2025
Abstract
The energy loss in iron can serve as valuable knowledge due to its extended use in technological applications and open topics in fundamental physics. The electronic structure of solid Fe is challenging, given that it is the first of the groups of transition
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The energy loss in iron can serve as valuable knowledge due to its extended use in technological applications and open topics in fundamental physics. The electronic structure of solid Fe is challenging, given that it is the first of the groups of transition metals with some of the d-electrons promoted to the conduction band while others remain bound. The low energy description, the deviation from velocity proportionality at low impact energies, and the contribution of the loosely bound d-electrons to the energy loss are active featured fields when it comes to the stopping in Fe. Very recent TDDFT calculations have been compared with the first stopping measurements in steel, showing surprisingly good agreement. In the present work, we applied a recent model based on the momentum distribution function of the d-electrons to the case of Fe. A comparison with other models is discussed, as well as with experimental data. We also highlight discrepancies among datasets regarding the stopping maximum and the need for new experimental efforts.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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Evaluation of Spatial Profile of Local Emissions from W17+–W23+ Unresolved Transition Array Spectra
by
Ryota Nishimura, Tetsutarou Oishi, Izumi Murakami, Daiji Kato, Hiroyuki A. Sakaue, Hayato Ohashi, Shivam Gupta, Chihiro Suzuki, Motoshi Goto, Yasuko Kawamoto, Tomoko Kawate, Hiroyuki Takahashi and Kenji Tobita
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020021 - 18 Feb 2025
Abstract
Tungsten (W) spectroscopy has attracted significant attention because W is one of the major impurities in ITER and future DEMO reactors. W22+–W33+ spectra at 15–45 Å have been useful for impurity diagnostics. Unresolved Transition Array (UTA) spectra around 200 Å,
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Tungsten (W) spectroscopy has attracted significant attention because W is one of the major impurities in ITER and future DEMO reactors. W22+–W33+ spectra at 15–45 Å have been useful for impurity diagnostics. Unresolved Transition Array (UTA) spectra around 200 Å, which contain W17+–W23+, have potential for diagnostics tungsten ions in even lower charge states. Because multiple charge states overlap with very similar wavelengths, it is challenging to evaluate impurity spatial profiles from UTA spectra around 200 Å. In this study, we conducted tungsten pellet injection experiments in Large Helical Device (LHD) and attempted to evaluate the spatial profiles of UTA spectra around 200 Å, observed at 0.3–0.8 keV of central electron temperature. The results indicated that tungsten ions around W20+ were locally profiled in a radial region, reff = 0.38 m, where the local electron temperature decreases by 30% to 40% with respect to more central and outer temperatures. These results suggested that the UTA spectrum around 200 Å would be useful for diagnostics of tungsten impurities in lower charge states than the charge states contained in UTA spectra around 15–45 Å.
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(This article belongs to the Section Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Spectroscopy and Collisions)
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Interaction Between Atoms and Structured Light Fields
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Shreyas Ramakrishna and Stephan Fritzsche
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020020 - 13 Feb 2025
Abstract
Structured light encompasses a vast variety of light fields. It has unique properties such as non-uniform transverse intensity and a polarization pattern across their beam cross-sections. In this contribution, we discuss the photoexcitation of a single ionic target system driven by different sets
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Structured light encompasses a vast variety of light fields. It has unique properties such as non-uniform transverse intensity and a polarization pattern across their beam cross-sections. In this contribution, we discuss the photoexcitation of a single ionic target system driven by different sets of structured light modes. Specifically, we provide a compilation of transition amplitudes for various structured light modes interacting with atomic systems based on the first-order perturbation theory. To illustrate this, we will choose an electric quadrupole transition ( ) in the target Ca+ ion driven by a structured light field. For this particular interaction, we examine how the beam parameters affect the population of magnetic sub-levels in the atomic excited state.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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Open AccessCommunication
Bound–Free and Free–Free Pair Production Channels in Forward Delbrück Scattering
by
Jonas Sommerfeldt, Vladimir A. Yerokhin and Andrey Surzhykov
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020019 - 12 Feb 2025
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of forward-angle Delbrück scattering of light by the Coulomb field of a target nucleus. Special attention is paid to the Coulomb corrections, which take into account the interaction of the emerging virtual electron–positron pairs with the nucleus to
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We present a theoretical study of forward-angle Delbrück scattering of light by the Coulomb field of a target nucleus. Special attention is paid to the Coulomb corrections, which take into account the interaction of the emerging virtual electron–positron pairs with the nucleus to higher orders of . We compare the results from three different computation methods: the direct all-order evaluation of the Delbrück amplitude, the computation from the pair production cross section with the optical theorem and the low-energy limit. We find that the values obtained from the optical theorem are in very good agreement with the all-order calculations and can be used as benchmark data. Moreover, both methods agree with the low-energy limit for photon energies when correctly accounting for the bound–free pair production cross section in the optical theorem calculations, and the discrepancy found in the literature originates from neglecting this contribution.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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Modelling of X-Ray Spectra Originating from the He- and Li-like Ni Ions for Plasma Electron Temperature Diagnostics Purposes
by
Karol Kozioł, Andrzej Brosławski and Jacek Rzadkiewicz
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020018 - 9 Feb 2025
Abstract
The multi-configurational Dirac–Hartree–Fock method has been used to examine the electron correlation effect on wavelengths and transition rates for transitions occurring in He- and Li-like nickel ions. The collisional-radiative modelling approach has been used to simulate the X-ray spectra, in
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The multi-configurational Dirac–Hartree–Fock method has been used to examine the electron correlation effect on wavelengths and transition rates for transitions occurring in He- and Li-like nickel ions. The collisional-radiative modelling approach has been used to simulate the X-ray spectra, in a 1.585–1.620 Å wavelength range, originating from the He-like nickel ions and their dielectronic Li-, Be-, and B-like satellites for various electron temperature values in the 2 keV to 8 keV range. The presented results may be useful in improving the plasma electron temperature diagnostics based on nickel spectra.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atom and Plasma Spectroscopy)
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Visible Light Spectroscopy of W14+ Ions in an Electron Beam Ion Trap
by
Ben Niu, Zhaoying Chen, Jihui Chen, Yanting Li, Fangshi Jia, Bingli Li, Zhencen He, Jun Xiao, Yaming Zou and Ke Yao
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020017 - 8 Feb 2025
Abstract
In this work, the visible lines of ions in the wavelength range of 400–650 nm are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were performed in a low-energy electron beam ion trap. The simulated spectra of ions (Nd-like)
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In this work, the visible lines of ions in the wavelength range of 400–650 nm are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were performed in a low-energy electron beam ion trap. The simulated spectra of ions (Nd-like) were obtained from atomic structure computations in combination with a collisional–radiative model. Overall, there is a reasonable similarity between the measurements and the results of the simulations, and most of the twelve observed spectral lines associated with were tentatively identified.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectra of Atomic Sulfur: Testing of Modified Quantum Defect Theory
by
Vladislav E. Chernov, Nikolai L. Manakov, Alexei V. Meremianin, Alexander V. Naskidashvili, Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, Petr Kubelík, Ekaterina M. Zanozina and Oxana V. Zetkina
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020016 - 8 Feb 2025
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QDT (quantum defect theory) is an effective technique for calculating processes involving highly excited (Rydberg) states of atoms, ions, and molecules with one valence electron outside filled shells, whose spectrum generally resembles a hydrogen-like atom’s spectrum. At the expense of some modification of
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QDT (quantum defect theory) is an effective technique for calculating processes involving highly excited (Rydberg) states of atoms, ions, and molecules with one valence electron outside filled shells, whose spectrum generally resembles a hydrogen-like atom’s spectrum. At the expense of some modification of QDT, in this paper, we extend its applicability to describe low- and intermediate-excited levels of atoms with more complex spectra (on the example of atomic sulfur S I). Transitions between just such states are responsible for the infrared (IR) spectra of atoms. While the quantum defects (QDs) of the highly excited Rydberg levels are determined by the energies of individual levels near the ionization threshold, the radial wave functions of low excited electronic states, in the framework of our modification of QDT, include the QD dependence on energy over a wide energy range; this dependence is determined from the whole spectral series. We show that, outside the atomic core domain, the electron radial functions calculated using modified semi-phenomenological QDT agree well with ab initio calculations. As another assessment of QDT accuracy, we show satisfactory agreement of the probabilities of dipole transitions in S I, taken from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database, with our QDT calculations. We perform an indirect experimental verification of QDT on the basis of spectra of S I in gas-discharge plasma measured by time-resolved high-resolution Fourier transfer spectroscopy (FTS). The Boltzmann plot built from our measured spectra demonstrates that QDT provides a satisfactory approximation for calculating the experimental lines’ intensities.
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Diagnostics of Spin-Polarized Ions at Storage Rings
by
Anna Maiorova, Stephan Fritzsche, Andrey Surzhykov and Thomas Stöhlker
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020015 - 4 Feb 2025
Abstract
Polarized heavy ions in storage rings are seen as a valuable tool for a wide range of research, from the study of spin effects in relativistic atomic collisions to the tests of the Standard Model. For forthcoming experiments, several important challenges need to
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Polarized heavy ions in storage rings are seen as a valuable tool for a wide range of research, from the study of spin effects in relativistic atomic collisions to the tests of the Standard Model. For forthcoming experiments, several important challenges need to be addressed to work efficiently with such ions. Apart from the production and preservation of ion polarization in storage rings, its measurement is an extremely important issue. In this contribution, we employ the radiative recombination (RR) of polarized electrons into the ground state of initially hydrogen-like, finally helium-like, ions as a probe process for beam diagnostics. Our theoretical study clearly demonstrates that the RR cross section, integrated over photon emission angles, is highly sensitive to both the degree and the direction of ion polarization. Since the (integrated) cross-section measurements are well established, the proposed method offers promising prospects for ion spin tomography at storage rings.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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Experimental Cross Sections for Electron-Impact Single, Double, and Triple Ionization of La+
by
B. Michel Döhring, Alexander Borovik, Jr., Florian Gocht, Kurt Huber and Stefan Schippers
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020014 - 28 Jan 2025
Abstract
We report on new measurements of absolute cross sections for single, double, and triple electron-impact ionization of singly charged lanthanum ions. The resulting single and double ionization cross sections are in fair agreement with results from previous experimental work. In the present work,
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We report on new measurements of absolute cross sections for single, double, and triple electron-impact ionization of singly charged lanthanum ions. The resulting single and double ionization cross sections are in fair agreement with results from previous experimental work. In the present work, we extended the experimental range by a factor of two to approx. 2000 eV. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous measurements of triple ionization. The present work in progress aims to provide vitally needed atomic data for the astrophysical modeling of kilonovae.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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In Situ Study of the Temperature and Fluence Dependence of Yb2+ Luminescence in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) Single Crystals
by
Ruotong Chang, Yingjie Song, Hongtao Hu, Shasha Lv, Guangfu Wang and Menglin Qiu
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020013 - 27 Jan 2025
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In this study, ion-beam-induced luminescence with 2 MeV H+ was used to excite YAG single crystals at different temperatures. Under several constant temperatures, the luminescence intensity of Yb2+ monotonically decreases with increasing fluence, eventually reaching approximately 35% of the initial intensity
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In this study, ion-beam-induced luminescence with 2 MeV H+ was used to excite YAG single crystals at different temperatures. Under several constant temperatures, the luminescence intensity of Yb2+ monotonically decreases with increasing fluence, eventually reaching approximately 35% of the initial intensity at a fluence of 3.5 × 1014 cm−2. The nonmonotonic evolution behavior of Yb2+ luminescence intensity with temperature can be effectively described by the intermediate-state model under consecutive temperature variations. The presence of an intermediate state may be the primary cause of the negative thermal quenching of Yb2+ luminescence. Yb2+ luminescence intensity decreased to 60% of the initial intensity when the temperature was continuously varied in the 100–300 K range, although the peak position remained rather stable. The luminescence of Yb2+ exhibits good radiation resistance and thermal stability in the experimental temperature range.
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Single and Double Electron Capture by 1–16 keV Sn4+ Ions Colliding on H2
by
Emiel de Wit, Lennart Tinge, Klaas Bijlsma and Ronnie Hoekstra
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020012 - 24 Jan 2025
Abstract
Single and double electron capture cross-sections for collisions of 118Sn4+ with molecular hydrogen have been measured in an energy range of 1 keV to 16 keV using a crossed-beam setup. The cross-sections are determined from measurements of charge-state-resolved ion currents obtained
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Single and double electron capture cross-sections for collisions of 118Sn4+ with molecular hydrogen have been measured in an energy range of 1 keV to 16 keV using a crossed-beam setup. The cross-sections are determined from measurements of charge-state-resolved ion currents obtained through a retarding field analyser. Remarkably, the single electron capture cross-sections for Sn4+ are more than a factor 3 smaller than the previously determined single electron capture cross-sections for Sn3+–H2 collisions and the double electron capture cross-sections are only about 20% smaller than the single electron capture cross-sections. These results are understood on the basis of potential energy curve crossings. The first active curve crossings for the Sn4+–H2 system happen at a relatively small internuclear distance of about 5.5 a.u., which should be compared to 8 a.u. for Sn3+ ions. Multi-channel Landau–Zener calculations have been performed for single electron capture and confirm these low cross-sections. The curve crossing for double electron capture by Sn4+ lies very close to the one for single electron capture, which may explain the single and double electron capture cross-sections being of similar magnitude.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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Calculated Transition Probabilities for Os VI Spectral Lines of Interest to Nuclear Fusion Research
by
Maxime Brasseur, Patrick Palmeri and Pascal Quinet
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020011 - 21 Jan 2025
Abstract
In this work, we present a new set of transition probabilities for experimentally classified spectral lines in the Os VI spectrum. To do this, two independent computational approaches based on the pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock, including core polarization effects (HFR+CPOL) and fully relativistic Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock
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In this work, we present a new set of transition probabilities for experimentally classified spectral lines in the Os VI spectrum. To do this, two independent computational approaches based on the pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock, including core polarization effects (HFR+CPOL) and fully relativistic Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) methods, were used, with the detailed comparison of the results obtained with these two approaches allowing us to estimate the quality of the calculated radiative parameters. These atomic data, corresponding to 367 lines of five-times ionized osmium between 438.720 and 1486.275 Å, are expected to be useful for the analysis of the spectra emitted by fusion plasmas in which osmium could appear as a result of transmutation by the neutron bombardment of tungsten used as component of the reactor wall, such as the ITER divertor.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atom and Plasma Spectroscopy)
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Lithium-like O5+ Emission near 19 Å
by
Jaan K. Lepson, Gregory V. Brown, Joel H. T. Clementson, Alexander J. Fairchild, Ming Feng Gu, Natalie Hell, Elmar Träbert and Peter Beiersdorfer
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020010 - 21 Jan 2025
Abstract
Using a high-resolution grating spectrometer on the Livermore EBIT-I electron beam ion trap, we have measured three K-shell emission lines in lithium-like O , which are situated near the O VIII Lyman-
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Using a high-resolution grating spectrometer on the Livermore EBIT-I electron beam ion trap, we have measured three K-shell emission lines in lithium-like O , which are situated near the O VIII Lyman- lines at 19 Å. Two of the resulting wavelengths agree well with the wavelengths of these lines we reported earlier, but the wavelength of the third line does not. In contrast, our new wavelengths now fully agree with those from resonant photo-absorption experiments on the PETRA III synchrotron facility.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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Density Functional Theory Study of Hydrogen Adsorption on Al-U Alloy Surfaces
by
Xiaoting Wang, Min Guan, Duo You, Dong Xie, Mingxi Hou and Yongxiang Leng
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020009 - 21 Jan 2025
Abstract
To better understand the hydrogen corrosion mechanism on uranium surfaces and assess the hydrogen penetration resistance of Al-U alloys, the adsorption of hydrogen atoms on U(110), Al(111), and nAl/U(110) alloy surfaces was systematically studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results reveal
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To better understand the hydrogen corrosion mechanism on uranium surfaces and assess the hydrogen penetration resistance of Al-U alloys, the adsorption of hydrogen atoms on U(110), Al(111), and nAl/U(110) alloy surfaces was systematically studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results reveal that when U is alloyed with Al, the adsorption behavior of H atom on its surface thereon changes greatly. Specifically, the adsorption energy of H decreases with increasing Al content, indicating a weakening of the interaction between the H atom and the surface. A correlation between binding strength and alloy composition was established using d-band center theory. The incorporation of Al atoms alters the electronic structure of the U(110) surface, shifting the d-band center of uranium atoms downward. This shift results in a weakened interaction between the adsorbed H atom and the alloy surface.
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(This article belongs to the Section Quantum Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Physics)
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Cooperative Decay of N Atoms in a Ring Configuration
by
Nicola Piovella
Atoms 2025, 13(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13010008 - 16 Jan 2025
Abstract
We provide an analytic expression of the spectrum of the cooperative decay rate of N two-level atoms regularly distributed on a ring in the single-excitation configuration. The results are obtained first for the scalar model and then extended to the vectorial light model,
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We provide an analytic expression of the spectrum of the cooperative decay rate of N two-level atoms regularly distributed on a ring in the single-excitation configuration. The results are obtained first for the scalar model and then extended to the vectorial light model, assuming all the dipoles are aligned.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cold Atoms, Quantum Gases and Bose-Einstein Condensation)
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The Feshbach Resonances Applied to the Calculation of Stark Broadening of Ionized Spectral Lines: An Example of Interdisciplinary Research
by
Sylvie Sahal-Bréchot and Haykel Elabidi
Atoms 2025, 13(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13010007 - 16 Jan 2025
Abstract
In the present paper, we revisit the determination of Feshbach resonances in the elastic and fine-structure cross-sections of the spectral lines of ionized atoms colliding with electrons. The Gailitis approximation will be recalled and used to calculate the Feshbach resonances. A historical point
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In the present paper, we revisit the determination of Feshbach resonances in the elastic and fine-structure cross-sections of the spectral lines of ionized atoms colliding with electrons. The Gailitis approximation will be recalled and used to calculate the Feshbach resonances. A historical point of view will be used, emphasizing the interest of interdisciplinary research, with a back and forth between physics and astrophysics. First, the theory of Feshbach (arising at end of the 1950s and beginning of the 1960s) resonances will be briefly recalled and applied to the calculation of the cross-sections. In the beginning of the 1970s, the insertion of Feshbach resonances in spectroscopic diagnostics calculations permitted researchers to interpret the intensities of solar coronal lines. Then, in the middle of the 1970s, this gave rise to the idea of including the Feshbach resonances in the calculation of electron impact broadening (the so-called “Stark” broadening) of isolated spectral lines of ionized atoms. Finally, in the recent example of the Stark broadening of the Mo VI line, the S-matrices will be calculated using the semi-classical perturbation formalism and will be compared to those of the more recent quantum distorted wave formalism.
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Exploring the Nuclear Chart via Precision Mass Spectrometry with the TITAN MR-TOF MS
by
Annabelle Czihaly, Soenke Beck, Julian Bergmann, Callum L. Brown, Thomas Brunner, Timo Dickel, Jens Dilling, Eleanor Dunling, Jake Flowerdew, Danny Fusco, Leigh Graham, Zach Hockenbery, Chris Izzo, Andrew Jacobs, Brian Kootte, Yang Lan, Stephan Malbrunot-Ettenauer, Fernando Maldonado Millán, Ali Mollaebrahimi, Erich Leistenschneider, Eleni Marina Lykiardopoulou, Ish Mukul, Stefan F. Paul, Wolfgang R. Plaß, Moritz Pascal Reiter, Christoph Scheidenberger, James L. Tracy, Jr. and A. A. Kwiatkowskiadd
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Atoms 2025, 13(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13010006 - 9 Jan 2025
Abstract
Isotopes at the limits of nuclear existence are of great interest for their critical role in nuclear astrophysical reactions and their exotic structure. Experimentally, exotic nuclides are challenging to address due to their low production cross-sections, overwhelming amounts of contamination, and lifetimes of
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Isotopes at the limits of nuclear existence are of great interest for their critical role in nuclear astrophysical reactions and their exotic structure. Experimentally, exotic nuclides are challenging to address due to their low production cross-sections, overwhelming amounts of contamination, and lifetimes of typically less than a second. To this end, a Multiple-Reflection Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer at the TITAN-TRIUMF facility was built to determine atomic masses. This device is the preferred tool to work with exotic nuclides due to its ability to resolve the species of interest from contamination and short measurement cycle times, enabling mass measurements of isotopes with millisecond half-lives. With a relative precision of the order 10−7, we demonstrate why the TITAN MR-TOF MS is the tool of choice for precision mass surveys for nuclear structure and astrophysics. The capabilities of the device are showcased in this work, including new mass measurements of short-lived tin isotopes (104–107Sn) approaching the proton dripline as well as 89Zr, 90Y, and 91Y. The last three illustrate how the broadband surveys of MR-TOF MS reach beyond the species of immediate interest.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ion Trapping of Radioactive Ions)
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Chemical Lasers Based on Polyatomic Reaction Dynamics: Research of Vibrational Excitation in a Reactive
by
José Daniel Sierra Murillo
Atoms 2025, 13(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13010005 - 9 Jan 2025
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The research presented by the author investigates a polyatomic reaction occurring in the gas phase. This study employs the Quasi-Classical Trajectory (QCT) approach using the Wu–Schatz–Lendvay–Fang–Harding (WSLFH) potential energy surface (PES), recognized as one of the most reliable PES models for this type
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The research presented by the author investigates a polyatomic reaction occurring in the gas phase. This study employs the Quasi-Classical Trajectory (QCT) approach using the Wu–Schatz–Lendvay–Fang–Harding (WSLFH) potential energy surface (PES), recognized as one of the most reliable PES models for this type of analysis. The substantial sample size enables the derivation of detailed results that corroborate previous findings while also identifying potential objectives for future experimental work. The Gaussian Binning (GB) technique is utilized to more effectively highlight the variation in the total angular momentum (J′) of the excited product molecule, HOD*. A key aim of the study is to explore the reaction dynamics due to their importance in excitation and emission processes, which may contribute to the development of a chemical laser based on this reaction. Increasing the vibrational level, v, of one reactant, D2, significantly enhances the excitation of HOD* and shifts the P(J′) distributions towards higher J′ values, while also broadening the distribution. Although the current research focuses on a few initial conditions, the author plans to extend the study to encompass a wider range of initial conditions within the reaction chamber of this type of chemical laser.
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