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Children
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Diagnosis and Management of Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Diagnosis and Management of Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Neonatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2024 | Viewed by 848

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Luca Pierri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Naples, Italy
Interests: neonatology; respiratory distress syndrome; lung ultrasound; surfactant; PPHN; prematurity; BPD; NEC; neonatal surgery; CDH

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The neonatal survival of preterm babies is still improving thanks to modern technologies and newly targeted therapy approaches to pulmonary immaturity and surfactant deficiency. Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) prevention starts during pregnancy, considering all the possible interventions aiming to prolong the gestation of preterm fetuses, and continues after birth. The evidence-based lung-protective strategies include the initiation of non-invasive respiratory support from birth, the judicious use of oxygen, early surfactant administration, caffeine therapy, cardiovascular assessment, and the avoidance of mechanical ventilation where possible. Lung ultrasound has replaced conventional radiology in the diagnosis of RDS, allowing neonatologists to act quickly and avoid unnecessary radiation exposure to the baby. The modern approach to RDS should be personalized, taking a physiopathology and critical care perspective, which can only be built by developing cross-disciplinary awareness in order to avoid chronic lung disease.

Dr. Luca Pierri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • surfactant
  • non-invasive ventilation
  • lung ultrasound
  • chronic lung disease
  • delivery room

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 300 KiB  
Article
Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Use in Romanian Neonatal Intensive Care Units—The Results of a Recent Survey
by Maria Livia Ognean, Anca Bivoleanu, Manuela Cucerea, Radu Galiș, Ioana Roșca, Monica Surdu, Silvia-Maria Stoicescu and Rangasamy Ramanathan
Children 2024, 11(7), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11070836 - 9 Jul 2024
Viewed by 212
Abstract
Background: Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) has emerged as an effective initial and rescue noninvasive respiratory support mode for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS); however, little is known about nHFOV use in Romanian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Objectives: We aimed [...] Read more.
Background: Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) has emerged as an effective initial and rescue noninvasive respiratory support mode for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS); however, little is known about nHFOV use in Romanian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Objectives: We aimed to identify the usage extent and clinical application of nHFOV in Romania. Methods: A structured web-based questionnaire was designed to find the rate of nHFOV use and knowledge of this new method of noninvasive respiratory support in Romanian level III NICUs. Using multiple-choice, open-ended, and yes/no questions, we collected information on the NICU’s size, noninvasive respiratory support modes used, nHFOV use, indications, settings, nasal interfaces, secondary effects, and equipment used. Descriptive statistics and comparisons were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. Results: A total of 21/23 (91.3%) leaders from level III NICUs (median [IQR] number of beds of 10 [10–17.5]) responded to the survey. The most frequently used noninvasive ventilation modes were CPAP mode on mechanical ventilators (76.2%), followed by NIPPV (76.2%); heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) (61.9%); and nHFOV (11/21 units; 52.4%). A total of 5/11 units reported frequent nHFOV use (in two or more newborns/month) in both term and preterm infants. The main indications reported for nHFOV use were CPAP failure (90.9%), hypercapnia (81.8%), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (72.7%). Face/nasal masks and short binasal prongs are the most commonly used nasal interfaces (90.9% and 72.7%, respectively). Air leaks at the interface level (90.9%), thick secretions (81.8%), and airway obstruction (63.6%) were the most frequently mentioned adverse effects of nHFOV. Only three of the NICUs had a written protocol for nHFOV use. Most units not yet using nHFOV cited lack of equipment, experience, training, or insufficient information and evidence for the clinical use and outcome of nHFOV use in neonates as the main reasons for not implementing this noninvasive respiratory mode. Conclusions: Our survey showed that nHFOV is already used in more than half of the Romanian level III NICUs to support term and preterm infants with respiratory distress despite a lack of consensus regarding indications and settings during nHFOV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
10 pages, 506 KiB  
Article
Intubation at Birth Is Associated with Death after Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
by Yong-Ping Sun, Hou-Bing Qin, Yun Feng, Yun-Su Zou, Yun Liu, Rui Cheng and Yang Yang
Children 2024, 11(6), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060621 - 22 May 2024
Viewed by 456
Abstract
Objective: This retrospective cohort study was performed to clarify the association between intubation in the delivery room and the mortality after pulmonary hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) during hospitalization. Methods: The study participants were screened from the VLBWIs admitted to [...] Read more.
Objective: This retrospective cohort study was performed to clarify the association between intubation in the delivery room and the mortality after pulmonary hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) during hospitalization. Methods: The study participants were screened from the VLBWIs admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from 31 July 2019 to 31 July 2022. The newborns who ultimately were included were those infants who survived until pulmonary hemorrhage was diagnosed. These subjects were divided into the intubation-at-birth group (n = 29) and the non-intubation-at-birth group (n = 35), retrospectively. Results: Univariate analysis found that the intubation group had a higher mortality and shorter hospital stay than the non-intubation group (p < 0.05) (for mortality: 25/29 (86.21%) in intubation group versus 14/35 (40.00%) in non-intubation group). By multivariate analysis, the result further showed that intubation in the delivery room was related to shorter survival time and higher risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.341, 95% confidence interval: 1.094–5.009). Conclusions: Intubation at birth suggested a higher mortality in the VLBWIs when pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in the NICU. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
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