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Children
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Current Diagnostic Tools for Dentomaxillofacial Abnormalities and Malformations among Children
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Current Diagnostic Tools for Dentomaxillofacial Abnormalities and Malformations among Children

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Dentistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 6691

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chiarella Sforza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: craniofacial growth; evaluation of orthodontic treatment effects; clinical trial; special needs patients; craniofacial syndromes; dental arches in pediatric population and its development medicine; dentistry; health professions; anatomy; face; 3D; growth and development; neuroscience; sports; engineering; computer science, medical imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Children born or affected by abnormalities and malformations in the dental and maxillofacial areas experience a variety of disorders, where functional alterations are intermingled with esthetic problems. The final burden on patients, families and society can be very distressing. Children’s rehabilitation is long and needs the joint work and collaboration of several professionals who should rely on the best information to identify the disorder, set the treatments and follow up the results.

To do this, they should master both the clinical and instrumental tools provided by biomedical technology. Unfortunately, the current modifications in imaging, genetics and “omics” are becoming available too quickly to be critically known by professionals, who often need to rely on commercial information. Instead, a timely review can offer a critical point of view and provide the scientific bases of the best diagnostic tools.

Both clinicians and basic science researchers are invited to share their knowledge and critical thinking by submitting a review on a topic related to this field. We are only accepting review articles.

Prof. Dr. Chiarella Sforza
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • malformation
  • dento-maxillo-facial area
  • imaging
  • esthetics
  • omics
  • diagnosis
  • prevention
  • teeth and dental arches
  • soft tissues
  • maxillary bones

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1227 KiB  
Article
The Maxilla-Mandibular Discrepancies through Soft-Tissue References: Reliability and Validation of the Anteroposterior Measurement
by Cinzia Maspero, Niccolò Cenzato, Francesco Inchingolo, Maria Grazia Cagetti, Gaetano Isola, Davide Sozzi, Massimo Del Fabbro and Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
Children 2023, 10(3), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030459 - 26 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1324
Abstract
This research aimed to identify a new measurement to diagnose the sagittal maxillary and mandibular difference that considers the patient’s profile (soft tissue Wits appraisal: obtained by projecting points A and B on the occlusal plane and subsequently measuring the linear distance between [...] Read more.
This research aimed to identify a new measurement to diagnose the sagittal maxillary and mandibular difference that considers the patient’s profile (soft tissue Wits appraisal: obtained by projecting points A and B on the occlusal plane and subsequently measuring the linear distance between the two points). This new measurement was compared to the conventional Wits appraisal obtained to diagnose sagittal jaw discrepancy. In total, 300 subjects (162 males, 138 females) aged between 6 and 50 years requiring orthodontic treatment were analyzed. The cephalometric tracings on the pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and the two measurements taken were the Wits appraisal and a new measurement which were both calculated and compared. The analysis of the linear correlations between the conventional Wits value and the measurement obtained on the soft-tissue were undertaken. The relevance was established at 5% (p < 0.05). The mean values were also calculated within sex and age classes, and comparisons between sexes were obtained employing the t test Student’s for independent samples. Subsequently, chi-square analysis was also utilized to verify the sex distributions in the age groups considered. The results obtained suggested that these two measurements were significantly correlated with each other, with no characteristic patterns of sex or age. These data allowed an estimation of the reference values of the new measurement (−1.9 mm and 5.4 mm for patients with Class I molar relationship) showing that the former was more variable than the latter. The new measurement could allow for an accurate evaluation of the jaws sagittal discrepancy from soft tissue analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Diagnostic Tools for Dentomaxillofacial Abnormalities and Malformations among Children)
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Review

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12 pages, 438 KiB  
Review
A Narrative Review on Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tools for the Analysis of Dental Arches in Orofacial Cleft Patients
by Paula Karine Jorge, Eloá Cristina Passucci Ambrosio, Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado, Thaís Marchini Oliveira, Ana Lúcia Pompeia Fraga de Almeida and Simone Soares
Children 2022, 9(10), 1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9101533 - 07 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1500
Abstract
Background: It is necessary to analyze and monitor the facial growth of orofacial cleft patients. The documentation should therefore begin before and after primary surgeries. Technological evolution has transformed plaster models into 3D images through scanners that allow rational storage, manipulation, and rotation [...] Read more.
Background: It is necessary to analyze and monitor the facial growth of orofacial cleft patients. The documentation should therefore begin before and after primary surgeries. Technological evolution has transformed plaster models into 3D images through scanners that allow rational storage, manipulation, and rotation without the possibility of breakage or damage. Based on this fact, this narrative review aims to provide a feature on the three-dimensional tools available for the assessment of dental arches in children with orofacial cleft and mixed dentition. Material and Methods: Three databases were chosen (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus) and keywords were used to select papers. Results: During the database screening, 292 potentially relevant papers were found. After removing duplicates, titles, and abstracts, 32 papers presented qualifications for analysis. Through evaluating each document by reading it one by one, 24 papers fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Conclusions: It was concluded that digital tools—i.e., benchtop scanners which evaluate the dental arches of children with cleft lip, palate, and mixed dentition—are reproducible and reliable, without the use of ionizing radiation, allow storage, manipulation with sustainability, and help preserve the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Diagnostic Tools for Dentomaxillofacial Abnormalities and Malformations among Children)
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10 pages, 1116 KiB  
Review
A Narrative Review on Current Diagnostic Imaging Tools for Dentomaxillofacial Abnormalities in Children
by Sami Aldhuwayhi, Atul Bhardwaj, Yahya Ahmed M. Deeban, Smita Singh Bhardwaj, Rawan Bakr Alammari and Ayoub Alzunaydi
Children 2022, 9(5), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050621 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2155
Abstract
The current review narrates the findings and discusses the available diagnostic tools for detecting structural abnormalities. The review discusses several diagnostic tools, such as magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, multi detector row CT and positron emission tomography. The vital findings and [...] Read more.
The current review narrates the findings and discusses the available diagnostic tools for detecting structural abnormalities. The review discusses several diagnostic tools, such as magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, multi detector row CT and positron emission tomography. The vital findings and comparative analysis of different diagnostic tools are presented in this review. The present review also discusses the advent of newer technologies, such as the HyperionX9 scanner with less field of view and 18F-FDG PET/CT (positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose, integrated with computed tomography), which can give more efficient imaging of dentomaxillofacial structures. The discussion of effective comparative points enables this review to reveal the available diagnostic tools that can be used in the detection of dentomaxillofacial abnormalities in the pediatric population. The advantages and disadvantages of each tool are discussed, and the findings of past publications are also presented. Overall, this review discusses the technical details and provides a comparative analysis of updated diagnostic techniques for dentomaxillofacial diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Diagnostic Tools for Dentomaxillofacial Abnormalities and Malformations among Children)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

9 pages, 11481 KiB  
Case Report
Oral Rehabilitation as Part of a Multidisciplinary Treatment in a Case Study of Pigmentary Incontinence
by Mónica Cano-Rosás, Joaquín de Vicente-Jiménez, José María Diosdado-Cano, David Suárez-Quintanilla, Rogelio González-Sarmiento, Daniel Curto and Adrián Curto
Children 2023, 10(9), 1505; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10091505 - 04 Sep 2023
Viewed by 814
Abstract
We present the clinical course of a 9-year-old female patient with Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome and severe neurological deficit that met the major (classic cutaneous signs) and minor (dental anomalies and retinal pathology) diagnostic criteria of Landy and Donnai. Longitudinal multidisciplinary follow-up was carried out [...] Read more.
We present the clinical course of a 9-year-old female patient with Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome and severe neurological deficit that met the major (classic cutaneous signs) and minor (dental anomalies and retinal pathology) diagnostic criteria of Landy and Donnai. Longitudinal multidisciplinary follow-up was carried out from birth to adulthood. Neurological involvement was assessed with electroencephalographic (EEG) and neuroimaging tests at different times during the patient’s life. Cranio-maxillofacial involvement was evaluated using lateral skeletal facial and cephalometric analyses. The right and left facial widths were measured through frontal face analysis and using the vertical zygomatic–midline distance. Oral rehabilitation was performed through orthodontic treatment and major dental reconstruction using composite resins. This treatment aimed to improve the occlusion and masticatory function, relieve the transversal compression of the maxilla, and reconstruct the fractured teeth. We believe that, due to significant neurological and cognitive impairment, orthognathic surgery was not the best option for restoring function and improving oral health-related quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Diagnostic Tools for Dentomaxillofacial Abnormalities and Malformations among Children)
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