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Children
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Challenges and Advances in Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care
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Challenges and Advances in Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Neonatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 3639

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Silvia Marino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, AOU "Rodolico-San Marco", PO "San Marco", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
Interests: neurological disease; neurocutaneous diseases and neuromuscular disease in children and in newborns; epilepsy and encephalopathies; pediatric ultrasound; children pharmacology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on "Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care". Significant progress has been made in the field of pediatric and neonatal intensive care over the past decade. Pediatric critical care medicine emerged in the 1970s and has expanded dramatically since then. The field has made major advances in the areas of lung injury, sepsis, head injury, and postoperative care. The role of the pediatric intensivist is to provide supportive care during cardiorespiratory and/or multiorgan failure or recovery from surgery or trauma. In addition, care often continues even after discharge since we are often dealing with children with a high demand for care complexity. Intensivists coordinate complex treatment plans with multiple participants to assist in the care of critically ill children. The first approach to the critical child often takes place in the pediatric emergency room. Thus, the pediatrician must be able to filter out those children who need intensive care and provide basic necessities.

Submissions of original articles, systematic reviews, short communications, and other types of articles on related topics are welcome. All manuscripts will follow standard journal peer review practices, and those accepted for publication will appear in the Special Issue on "Challenges and Advances in Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care". We look forward to receiving your contributions to the Special Issue.

Dr. Silvia Marino
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emergency
  • critical care
  • multidisciplinary care
  • intensive care
  • sub-intensive care
  • children
  • newborn
  • acute respiratory failure
  • highly complex care
  • status epilepticus
  • ventilation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1336 KiB  
Article
Prophylaxis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Paracetamol in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGANs): A Single-Institution Observational Study in Vietnam
by Tinh Thu Nguyen, Dung Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Tam Thi Thanh Pham and Ju-Lee Oei
Children 2023, 10(12), 1934; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10121934 - 17 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1560
Abstract
Introduction: Prophylactic paracetamol for extremely low gestation age neonates (ELGAN, <27 weeks’ gestation) with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) in high-income countries (HIC) reduces medical and surgical interventions. Its effectiveness in low-to-middle-income countries (LMIC) remains uncertain. This study assesses prophylactic paracetamol’s impact on [...] Read more.
Introduction: Prophylactic paracetamol for extremely low gestation age neonates (ELGAN, <27 weeks’ gestation) with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) in high-income countries (HIC) reduces medical and surgical interventions. Its effectiveness in low-to-middle-income countries (LMIC) remains uncertain. This study assesses prophylactic paracetamol’s impact on sPDA interventions in ELGANs in an LMIC. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that compared a historical cohort of ELGANs that were treated with oral ibuprofen or intravenous paracetamol after diagnosis of sPDA (n = 104) with infants (n = 76) treated with prophylactic paracetamol (20 mg/kg loading, 7.5 mg/kg qid for 4 days), in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Vietnam. Oral ibuprofen or intravenous therapeutic paracetamol were administered if prophylactic paracetamol failed to close sPDA. Surgical ligation was conducted if targeted medical intervention failed, or the infant deteriorated from conditions attributable to sPDA. Results: In the historical cohort, 57 (55%) infants died within 7 days of life compared to 18 (24%) from the prophylactic cohort (p < 0.01). Of the survivors, 21 (45%) of the historical and 23 (39.7%) of the prophylactic cohort required surgical ligation (p = 0.6). Duration of hospitalization for survivors was lower in the prophylactic cohort (mean 74 vs. 97 days, p = 0.01). In the prophylactic cohort, 24 (41%) infants did not need further treatment while 34 (59%) required further treatment including ibuprofen and/or paracetamol 28 (48%) and surgical ligation 22 (38%). Conclusions: Prophylactic paracetamol for ELGAN in LMIC does not reduce the need for surgical ligation, sPDA rates, and other PDA-related morbidities in infants who survive beyond 7 days of age. It may reduce the risk of death and the duration of hospitalization but further study into the reasons behind this need to be determined with larger studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Advances in Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care)
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9 pages, 415 KiB  
Article
Indirect Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and the Role of Fenofibrate as an Adjuvant to Phototherapy
by Salam K. Shabo, Khalaf H. Gargary and Omer Erdeve
Children 2023, 10(7), 1192; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071192 - 10 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1642
Abstract
Background: One of the most prevalent illnesses in neonates that needs care and treatment is neonatal jaundice. Several drugs are used as pharmacological modalities for treating hyperbilirubinemia, like intravenous immunoglobulin, D-penicillamine, metalloporphyrin, phenobarbital, zinc sulfate and clofibrate. Previous studies suggest the usefulness of [...] Read more.
Background: One of the most prevalent illnesses in neonates that needs care and treatment is neonatal jaundice. Several drugs are used as pharmacological modalities for treating hyperbilirubinemia, like intravenous immunoglobulin, D-penicillamine, metalloporphyrin, phenobarbital, zinc sulfate and clofibrate. Previous studies suggest the usefulness of fenofibrate in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Objectives: The study aims at assessing the effectiveness of oral fenofibrate in the treatment of indirect neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in full-term neonates. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted at Heevi Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in Duhok, which is located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It involved term infants who had jaundice. The neonates who were eligible for the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group or the control group. Both groups were treated with conventional phototherapy. Fenofibrate was administered in a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg to the participants in the intervention group. Throughout the entirety of the treatment, levels of total serum bilirubin were compared and contrasted between the two groups. Results: After 12 h of treatment, a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.001) was seen in the serum bilirubin levels between the two groups. The difference in serum bilirubin levels became significantly progressively pronounced after 24, 48, and 72 h. The average time of discharge was 63.6 h for the intervention group and 90.9 h for the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The time it takes to lower high bilirubin levels in neonates may be shortened by combining conventional phototherapy with a single oral dosage of 10 mg/kg fenofibrate. Consequently, these neonates will experience a shorter hospitalization and an accelerated discharge from the hospital. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Advances in Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care)
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