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Crystals
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Laser–Material Interaction: Principles, Phenomena, and Applications
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Laser–Material Interaction: Principles, Phenomena, and Applications

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2024 | Viewed by 1873

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chaudry Sajed Saraj

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
Interests: laser ablation in liquid; fs structuring; electrochemistry; HER; OER
Dr. Diego Pugliese

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), Turin, Italy
Interests: femtosecond laser direct writing; nonlinear light–matter interaction; nanogratings; glasses and glass ceramics; optical materials; micro- and nanofabrication technologies; photonics; photovoltaics; energy conversion and storage; gas sensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Laser–material interaction is a fascinating nexus wherein laser physics, optical physics, and materials science intersect. From the earliest work with pulsed ruby lasers, it has been shown that the unique interaction of laser light with a material can lead to permanent changes in the material properties not easily achievable through other means. The main factors that influence this process are the laser beam properties, the material characteristics, and the phenomena that occur during and after the interaction.

The laser beam properties include the wavelength, intensity, pulse duration, and beam shape. These affect how the laser energy is absorbed, reflected, or transmitted by the material. The material characteristics include the composition, structure, phase, temperature, and optical properties. These determine how the material responds to laser irradiation. The phenomena that occur during and after the interaction include heating, melting, evaporation, plasma formation, shock waves, phase transformations, and material transport.

Laser–material interaction has many applications in various fields, such as microfabrication, surface modification, materials processing, biomedical engineering, and sensing. By controlling the laser parameters and the material properties, one can achieve desired effects on the material surface or inside the material volume.

For example, laser microfabrication can create complex structures and patterns on a micro- and nanoscale by using lasers to ablate or sinter materials. Laser surface modification can alter the surface chemistry, morphology, and crystal structure of materials to improve their appearance, absorption, wear resistance, friction, adhesion, and wetting properties. Laser material processing can cut, weld, drill, or engrave materials with high precision and speed by using lasers to melt or vaporize materials. Laser biomedical engineering can use lasers to treat diseases or modify biological tissues by using lasers to coagulate blood vessels, remove tumors, stimulate cells, or deliver drugs. Finally, laser sensing allows the measuring of physical or chemical properties of materials or environments by using lasers to induce absorption, fluorescence, or Raman scattering.

Dr. Chaudry Sajed Saraj
Dr. Diego Pugliese
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • laser-induced phenomena
  • shock waves 
  • phase transformations
  • laser parameters
  • laser surface modification
  • laser microfabrication 
  • laser applications
  • laser-induced crystallization 
  • crystal orientation 
  • material properties
  • surface patterning

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 6688 KiB  
Article
How to Crystallize Glass with a Femtosecond Laser
by Ruyue Que, Matthieu Lancry, Maxime Cavillon and Bertrand Poumellec
Crystals 2024, 14(7), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14070606 - 30 Jun 2024
Viewed by 519
Abstract
The crystallization of glass through conventional thermal annealing in a furnace is a well-understood process. However, crystallization by femtosecond (fs) laser brings another dimension to this process. The pulsed nature of the irradiation necessitates a reevaluation of the parameters for optimal crystallization and [...] Read more.
The crystallization of glass through conventional thermal annealing in a furnace is a well-understood process. However, crystallization by femtosecond (fs) laser brings another dimension to this process. The pulsed nature of the irradiation necessitates a reevaluation of the parameters for optimal crystallization and an understanding of the particularities of using fs laser. This includes adjusting the laser pulse energy, the repetition rate, and the writing speed to either initiate nucleation or achieve substantial crystal growth. Therefore, a key challenge of this work is to establish reliable calculations for understanding the link between the size of the crystallized region and an ongoing transition (e.g., solid-to-solid, liquid-to-solid), while accounting for the aforementioned laser parameters. In this context, and based on previous work, a temperature distribution (in space and time) is simulated to model the thermal treatment at any point in the glass. By setting the condition that the temperatures are between the glass transition and melting temperature, the simulated crystallized region size can be compared with experimental observations. For that purpose, knowledge of the beam width at the focal point and of the absorbed beam energy fraction are critical inputs that were extracted from experiments found in the literature. After that, the management of the crystallization process and the width of the crystallization line can be achieved according to pulse energy, e.g., crystallite size, and also the effect of the scanning speed can be understood. Among the main conclusions to highlight, we disclose the laser conditions that determine the extent of the crystallized area and deduce that it is never of interest to increase the pulse energy too much as opposed to the repetition rate for the uniform crystallized line. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser–Material Interaction: Principles, Phenomena, and Applications)
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18 pages, 6189 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Properties of Ti Grade 2 Manufactured Using Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) with Checkerboard Laser Scanning and In Situ Oxygen Strengthening
by Bartlomiej Adam Wysocki, Agnieszka Chmielewska-Wysocka, Piotr Maj, Rafał Maksymilian Molak, Barbara Romelczyk-Baishya, Łukasz Żrodowski, Michał Ziętala, Wojciech Nowak, Wojciech Święszkowski and Marek Muzyk
Crystals 2024, 14(6), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14060574 - 20 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 852
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have advanced from rapid prototyping to becoming viable manufacturing solutions, offering users both design flexibility and mechanical properties that meet ISO/ASTM standards. Powder bed fusion using a laser beam (PBF-LB), a popular additive manufacturing process (aka 3D printing), is [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have advanced from rapid prototyping to becoming viable manufacturing solutions, offering users both design flexibility and mechanical properties that meet ISO/ASTM standards. Powder bed fusion using a laser beam (PBF-LB), a popular additive manufacturing process (aka 3D printing), is used for the cost-effective production of high-quality products for the medical, aviation, and automotive industries. Despite the growing variety of metallic powder materials available for the PBF-LB process, there is still a need for new materials and procedures to optimize the processing parameters before implementing them into the production stage. In this study, we explored the use of a checkerboard scanning strategy to create samples of various sizes (ranging from 130 mm3 to 8000 mm3 using parameters developed for a small 125 mm3 piece). During the PBF-LB process, all samples were fabricated using Ti grade 2 and were in situ alloyed with a precisely controlled amount of oxygen (0.1–0.4% vol.) to enhance their mechanical properties using a solid solution strengthening mechanism. The samples were fabricated in three sets: I. Different sizes and orientations, II. Different scanning strategies, and III. Rods for high-cycle fatigue (HCF). For the tensile tests, micro samples were cut using WEDM, while for the HCF tests, samples were machined to eliminate the influence of surface roughness on their mechanical performance. The amount of oxygen in the fabricated samples was at least 50% higher than in raw Ti grade 2 powder. The O2-enriched Ti produced in the PBF-LB process exhibited a tensile strength ranging from 399 ± 25 MPa to 752 ± 14 MPa, with outcomes varying based on the size of the object and the laser scanning strategy employed. The fatigue strength of PBF-LB fabricated Ti was 386 MPa, whereas the reference Ti grade 2 rod samples exhibited a fatigue strength of 312 MPa. Our study revealed that PBF-LB parameters optimized for small samples could be adapted to fabricate larger samples using checkerboard (“island”) scanning strategies. However, some additional process parameter changes are needed to reduce porosity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser–Material Interaction: Principles, Phenomena, and Applications)
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