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Crystals
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Geopolymer
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Geopolymer

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 6753

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Michał Łach

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland
Interests: geopolymer; zeolites; waste immobilization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kinga Korniejenko

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Guest Editor
Institute of Material Engineering, Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland
Interests: geopolymer; geopolymer composites; circular economy; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wei-Ting Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, National Ilan University, Ilan 26047, Taiwan
Interests: construction materials; non-cement blended materials; recycled and reuse in cement-based composites; geopolymer; green materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Neslihan Dogan-Saglamtimur

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Niğde 51240, Turkey
Interests: geopolymer; waste reuse; fly ash; smart materials; environmental technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sustainable construction and material technologies for sustainable construction began to develop rapidly in the world in recent years. Geopolymers are a very attractive material for the idea of ​​sustainable construction, and have been known for several decades. Geopolymers are the result of the mineral polycondensation (geosynthesis) reaction known and widely described in the literature. This differs significantly from traditional hydraulic cements, in which the hardening results from the hydration of calcium aluminates and calcium silicates. Geopolymers consist of long chains—copolymers of silicon and aluminum oxides and metal cations stabilizing them, most often sodium, potassium, lithium or calcium, and bound water.

Over the last dozen or so years, a large increase in applications and interest in geopolymeric materials, most often produced from waste materials, has been observed. The possibilities of geopolymer applications seem unlimited and their use in almost all fields of technology has been noted.

The main goal of this Special Issue is to invite scientists to publish innovative research and critical analyzes related to various types of geopolymers, geopolymer–cement hybrids and geopolymer-based composites. We encourage you to share in this issue innovative research related to all areas related to geopolymers.

Dr. Michał Łach
Dr. Kinga Korniejenko
Dr. Wei-Ting Lin
Dr. Neslihan Dogan-Saglamtimur
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4546 KiB  
Article
The Study on the Properties and TCLP of GGBFS-Based Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil Geopolymer
by Yi-Chen Chen, Yung-Chin Ding, Wei-Hao Lee, Xiao Liu, Shiyu Li, Hui Xie and Qifeng Luo
Crystals 2022, 12(7), 900; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12070900 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1414
Abstract
The objective of this study is to use the geopolymer technique to solidify/stabilize heavy metal contaminated soil. There are over 739,700 square meters of heavy-metal-contaminated sites in Taiwan; most sites are soil farmlands. These heavy metal contaminants in soil can also infiltrate into [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to use the geopolymer technique to solidify/stabilize heavy metal contaminated soil. There are over 739,700 square meters of heavy-metal-contaminated sites in Taiwan; most sites are soil farmlands. These heavy metal contaminants in soil can also infiltrate into groundwater and cause more serious pollution problems. This study explores the possibility of using the geopolymer technique to solidify heavy metal contaminated soil (CS), stabilize heavy metal, and produce good mechanical and physical properties. The ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) was activated by an alkali solution to form a geopolymer binder that can be used to solidify CS and stabilize the heavy metal. The effect of GGBFS and CS mixing ratio on the mechanical and physical properties and the TCLP test was investigated. The test results show that the compressive strength of specimens made with a 1.5 CS/GGBFS ratio can reach 46.61 MPa and 47.66 MPa after curing for 14 and 28 days, respectively. TCLP tests show only 2 ppm Cu was detected from a geopolymer-treated contaminated soil sample. The influence of alkali solution, such as the molarity of the NaOH, SiO2/Na2O, and SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio, were also evaluated. The specimens prepared with 8 M NaOH, 0.96 SiO2/Na2O, and 1.28 SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio alkali solution have a compressive strength of 51.74 MPa and 58.63 MPa after 14 and 28 days of curing. The TCLP tests show no heavy metal ions leached from the sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geopolymer)
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16 pages, 10000 KiB  
Article
Construction and Demolition Residuals as Raw Materials for the Production of Novel Geopolymer Building Materials
by Felix Kugler, Jessica Aumüller, Wolfgang Krcmar and Ulrich Teipel
Crystals 2022, 12(5), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050678 - 9 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2335
Abstract
The increasing number of new construction projects requiring high-quality building products, which, in turn, emit enormous amounts of CO2, runs counter to European and global climate goals. The increasing occupation of valuable landfill space is also an ecological problem. To meet [...] Read more.
The increasing number of new construction projects requiring high-quality building products, which, in turn, emit enormous amounts of CO2, runs counter to European and global climate goals. The increasing occupation of valuable landfill space is also an ecological problem. To meet these challenges without having to lower living standards, more ecological building materials should be used in the future. Geopolymers or alkali-activated materials, which, unlike conventional building materials, can be produced and used without a prior burning or calcination process, offer a comparatively low-CO2 alternative. Significant CO2 emissions can already be saved by using this technology. The aim of this work is to investigate whether geopolymers can also be produced from construction and demolition residuals generated by the construction industry in order to counteract the problem of the increasing use of landfill space and, at the same time, to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the production of building materials. For this purpose, various residual materials from the construction and demolition industry are investigated by means of XRF, XRD, and IR spectroscopy for their setting behavior by alkaline activation. At the same time, the characteristic values of compressive strength, flexural strength, bulk density, and thermal conductivity, which are important for building materials, are determined in order to test the possible applications of the resulting materials as building materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geopolymer)
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22 pages, 5269 KiB  
Article
Development of Geopolymer Foams for Multifunctional Applications
by Adrienn Boros and Tamás Korim
Crystals 2022, 12(3), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030386 - 13 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2319
Abstract
Due the increasingly stringent environmental regulations and sustainable development-induced pressures to increase efficiency, the world faces new challenges. For this reason, the production of structural materials with controlled properties has become urgent. Due to their excellent mechanical and chemical properties and energy-efficient production [...] Read more.
Due the increasingly stringent environmental regulations and sustainable development-induced pressures to increase efficiency, the world faces new challenges. For this reason, the production of structural materials with controlled properties has become urgent. Due to their excellent mechanical and chemical properties and energy-efficient production methods, geopolymers have remarkable potential in higher value-added applications. This potential application exceeds their historical use as environmentally friendly substitutes for Portland cement. The aim of the present research is to produce metakaolin-based geopolymer foams using the combined technique of saponification/peroxide decomposition/gel casting. Concerning physical properties, the effect of H2O2 concentration, the type and amount of stabiliser and the addition of slag were investigated. XRD, FTIR, SEM, CT and thermogravimetric analyses were performed to characterise the material structure. Multifunctional geopolymer foams were developed that can be made free of organic matter and cracks through the optimisation of technological parameters (heat treatment, washing and firing). Such high strength (8.9 MPa), lightweight (~499 kg/m3) and low thermal conductivity (~0.041 W/mK) foams can be used as thermal insulating materials to reduce the energy loss of buildings. Due to their high open porosity (~77.7 vol%) and specific surface area (~4.3 m2/g), foamed geopolymers can function as catalyst supports in many physicochemical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geopolymer)
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