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Crystals
Special Issues
Supercapacitors with High Energy Density
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Supercapacitors with High Energy Density

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials for Energy Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2022) | Viewed by 15496

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Feng Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Interests: materials science; chemistry; supercapacitor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Teng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Interests: supercapacitors; Zn-ion batteries; water splitting; electrochemistry
Dr. Xinhai Yuan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
Interests: aqueous batteries; Zn-ion batteries; supercapatitors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Supercapacitors (i.e., electrochemical capacitors) are considered one of the most important energy storage devices. Thanks to their high power, excellent lifecycle and high reliability, they are currently used in a number of applications, rendering them indispensable in our daily lives.

Many reports have indicated that if the energy density of supercapacitors could be improved, it would dramatically increase the market share of supercapacitors, further strengthening their importance in the field of energy storage. For this reason, the development of advanced high-energy supercapacitors is nowadays considered to be of crucial importance for the future of this technology.

This Special Issue covers different types of manuscripts such as perspectives, reviews, and research papers in this field. The contents of the Special Issue will include the following topics:

  1. State-of-the-art supercapacitors, such as advanced electrode materials, device structure design, and performance optimization of
  2. Aqueous electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and their working mechanisms.
  3. Water in salt electrolytes or hybrid electrolytes with high voltage windows.
  4. Interfacial engineering of electrode materials, including design, control, observation, and demonstration.
  5. In situ and ex situ characterization techniques for electrochemical processes and structural evolution of electrodes/electrolytes in supercapacitors.
  6. New concepts and demonstration of new generation of supercapacitors

I would sincerely like to thank all authors who contribute to this Special Issue. I believe that thanks to their valuable contributions, this Special Issue will represent one of the most up-to-date and complete overviews of electrochemical capacitor technology currently available. I believe that all papers composing this Special Issue will be of great interest to the readers of Crystals.

Dr. Feng Yu
Dr. Teng Wang
Dr. Xinhai Yuan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high energy density
  • supercapacitors
  • energy storage devices
  • aqueous electrolytes
  • electrode materials

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

11 pages, 2765 KiB  
Article
A New High-Current Electrochemical Capacitor Using MnO2-Coated Vapor-Grown Carbon Fibers
by Yu Liu, Yu Xu, Yingna Chang, Yuzhen Sun, Zhiyuan Zhao, Kefan Song, Jindi Wang, Feng Yu and Rong Xing
Crystals 2022, 12(10), 1444; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101444 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1599
Abstract
Composites of MnO2 nanosheet arrays vertically grown on the surface of vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) are fabricated by a low-temperature redox reaction between KMnO4 and the VGCFs. An assembled AC/0.5 M K2SO4/MnO2@VGCF electrochemical capacitor exhibits [...] Read more.
Composites of MnO2 nanosheet arrays vertically grown on the surface of vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) are fabricated by a low-temperature redox reaction between KMnO4 and the VGCFs. An assembled AC/0.5 M K2SO4/MnO2@VGCF electrochemical capacitor exhibits a higher specific capacitance, as well as a better rate capability, at a fast-current density compared to the capacitor built on hydrothermally prepared, standalone MnO2. Electrochemical tests revealed that VGCFs act as a conducting matrix, which effectively improves the conductivity of MnO2 nanosheets during cycling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercapacitors with High Energy Density)
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18 pages, 4340 KiB  
Article
Supercapacitors of Nanocrystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks—A Review
by Jingjie Xia, Ronghao Wang, Chengfei Qian, Kaiwen Sun, He Liu, Cong Guo, Jingfa Li, Feng Yu and Weizhai Bao
Crystals 2022, 12(10), 1350; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101350 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2675
Abstract
Due to their highly changeable porosity and adaptable skeletons, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been frequently used in supercapacitors. Additionally, COFs are a wonderful match for supercapacitors’ requirements for quick carrier migration and ion catalysis. COFs exhibit significant potential and limitless opportunities in [...] Read more.
Due to their highly changeable porosity and adaptable skeletons, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been frequently used in supercapacitors. Additionally, COFs are a wonderful match for supercapacitors’ requirements for quick carrier migration and ion catalysis. COFs exhibit significant potential and limitless opportunities in electrochemical storage supercapacitors. The applicability of COFs has, nonetheless, been limited because the primary organic component prevents electron conduction and the interior active sites are challenging to fully utilize. The conductivity enhancement of COFs has been the subject of extensive research to solve these challenges. This review begins by outlining the features of COFs in the context of their use in supercapacitors and their methods of synthesis. The application of previously published COF materials in supercapacitors were evaluated including electrode materials and solid-state devices. Finally, essential aspects and potential problems are discussed as the exceptional performance characteristics of COFs are illustrated from a supercapacitor standpoint. This review also forecasts the future of COF-based supercapacitor development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercapacitors with High Energy Density)
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15 pages, 3801 KiB  
Article
Structural Degradation of O3-NaMnO2 Positive Electrodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries
by Matteo Palluzzi, Laura Silvestri, Arcangelo Celeste, Mariarosaria Tuccillo, Alessandro Latini and Sergio Brutti
Crystals 2022, 12(7), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12070885 - 22 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2864
Abstract
In this manuscript, we report an extensive study of the physico-chemical properties of different samples of O3-NaMnO2, synthesized by sol–gel and solid state methods. In order to successfully synthesize the materials by sol–gel methods a rigorous control of the synthesis condition [...] Read more.
In this manuscript, we report an extensive study of the physico-chemical properties of different samples of O3-NaMnO2, synthesized by sol–gel and solid state methods. In order to successfully synthesize the materials by sol–gel methods a rigorous control of the synthesis condition has been optimized. The electrochemical performances of the materials as positive electrodes in aprotic sodium-ion batteries have been demonstrated. The effects of different synthesis methods on both structural and electrochemical features of O3-NaMnO2 have been studied to shed light on the interplay between structure and performance. Noticeably, we obtained a material capable of attaining a reversible capacity exceeding 180 mAhg−1 at 10 mAg−1 with a capacity retention >70% after 20 cycles. The capacity fading mechanism and the structural evolution of O3-NaMnO2 upon cycling have been extensively studied by performing post-mortem analysis using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Apparently, the loss of reversible capacity upon cycling originates from irreversible structural degradations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercapacitors with High Energy Density)
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14 pages, 14207 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Needle-like Nanostructure Composite Electrode of Co3O4/rGO/NF for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor
by Xiaoyan Wang, Shixiang Lu and Wenguo Xu
Crystals 2022, 12(5), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050664 - 5 May 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2143
Abstract
In this work, a hierarchical electrode structure of cobaltosic oxide (Co3O4) growing on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-covered nickel foam (NF) substrate (named Co3O4/rGO/NF) is fabricated by a facile hydrothermal and subsequent annealing process. Thousands [...] Read more.
In this work, a hierarchical electrode structure of cobaltosic oxide (Co3O4) growing on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-covered nickel foam (NF) substrate (named Co3O4/rGO/NF) is fabricated by a facile hydrothermal and subsequent annealing process. Thousands of nanoneedle units uniformly arranged on the surface of the rGO sheet stimulate the evident increase in the specific surface area and thus produce more active sites. Because of the special hierarchical structure, the Co3O4/rGO/NF electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 1400 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and retains 58% capacitance even when the current density increases to 30 A g−1. In addition, a symmetric supercapacitor based on the Co3O4/rGO/NF electrode is assembled, exhibiting high specific capacitance of 311 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, as well as remarkable power density and energy density (40.67 Wh kg−1 at 12 kW kg−1). The device also demonstrates a great cycling performance after 10,000 cycles under the current density of 10 A g−1, acquiring 89.69% capacitance retention of the initial state. The accessible synthetic method and superior electrochemical performance of the Co3O4/rGO/NF composite electrode implicate its extensive application prospects in terms of new energy storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercapacitors with High Energy Density)
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8 pages, 12246 KiB  
Communication
Spinel LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials in Wide Voltage Window: Single-Crystalline versus Polycrystalline
by Feng Yu, Yi Wang, Cong Guo, He Liu, Weizhai Bao, Jingfa Li, Panpan Zhang and Faxing Wang
Crystals 2022, 12(3), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030317 - 24 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3536
Abstract
Single-crystal (SC) layered oxides as cathodes for Li-ion batteries have demonstrated better cycle stability than their polycrystalline (PC) counterparts due to the restrained intergranular cracking formation. However, there are rare reports on comparisons between single-crystal LiMn2O4 (SC-LMO) and polycrystalline LiMn [...] Read more.
Single-crystal (SC) layered oxides as cathodes for Li-ion batteries have demonstrated better cycle stability than their polycrystalline (PC) counterparts due to the restrained intergranular cracking formation. However, there are rare reports on comparisons between single-crystal LiMn2O4 (SC-LMO) and polycrystalline LiMn2O4 (PC-LMO) spinel cathodes for Li-ion storage. In this work, the Li-ion storage properties of spinel LiMn2O4 single-crystalline and polycrystalline with similar particle sizes were investigated in a wide voltage window of 2–4.8 V vs. Li/Li+. The SC-LMO cathode exhibited a specific discharge capacity of 178 mA·h·g−1, which was a bit larger than that of the PC-LMO cathode. This is mainly because the SC-LMO cathode showed much higher specific capacity in the 3 V region (Li-ion storage at octahedral sites with cubic to tetragonal phase transition) than the PC-LMO cathode. However, unlike layered-oxide cathodes, the PC-LMO cathode displayed better cycle stability than the SC-LMO cathode. Our studies for the first time demonstrate that the phase transition-induced Mn(II) ion dissolution in the 3 V region rather than cracking formation is the limiting factor for the cycle performance of spinel LiMn2O4 in the wide voltage window. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercapacitors with High Energy Density)
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Review

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22 pages, 3755 KiB  
Review
Conductive Covalent Organic Frameworks Meet Micro-Electrical Energy Storage: Mechanism, Synthesis and Applications—A Review
by Chengfei Qian, Ronghao Wang, Feng Yu, He Liu, Cong Guo, Kaiwen Sun, Jingfa Li and Weizhai Bao
Crystals 2022, 12(10), 1405; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101405 - 4 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1792
Abstract
Conductive covalent organic frameworks (c-COFs) have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage because of their highly adjustable porosity and modifiable skeletons. Additionally, the fast carrier migration and ion catalysis requirements of micro-electrochemical energy storages (MEESs) are perfectly matched with c-COFs. Therefore, c-COFs [...] Read more.
Conductive covalent organic frameworks (c-COFs) have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage because of their highly adjustable porosity and modifiable skeletons. Additionally, the fast carrier migration and ion catalysis requirements of micro-electrochemical energy storages (MEESs) are perfectly matched with c-COFs. Therefore, c-COFs show great potential and unlimited prospects in MEESs. However, the main organic component blocks electron conduction, and the internal active sites are difficult to fully utilize, which limits the application of c-COFs. In order to overcome these obstacles, a great deal of research has been conducted on conductivity enhancement. This review first focuses on the exploration of c-COFs in the field of electrical conductivity. Then, the mechanism and explanation of the effect of synthesis on electrical conductivity enhancement are discussed, which emphasizes the range and suitability of c-COFs in MEESs. Finally, the excellent performance characteristics of c-COFs are demonstrated from the MEES perspective, with key points and potential challenges addressed. This review also predicts the direction of development of c-COFs in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercapacitors with High Energy Density)
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