SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease, and Preventive Measures

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 2572

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Interests: SARS-CoV-2; human influenza; respiratory syncytial virus; respiratory infections; epidemiology; public health; vaccines; vaccination strategies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
*

Guest Editor
Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), 3513 Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: SARS-CoV-2; human influenza; respiratory syncytial virus; epidemiology
* We dedicate the memory of the editor, William John Paget, who passed away during this special issue period.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), 3513 Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2; human influenza; respiratory syncytial virus; respiratory infections; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory viruses are among the most frequent causative agents of disease in humans, with substantial impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, little is known about the real burden of disease of many infections caused by respiratory viruses. Moreover, since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have reported historically low circulation, and whether viruses such as influenza and RSV will have a usual circulation in the future is still uncertain. Finally, the current pandemic has greatly accelerated advances in preventive measure research, especially vaccines, vaccine production, and vaccination strategies.

This Special Issue of Vaccines on “SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease, and Preventive Measures” aims to achieve a more extensive understanding of recent scientific knowledge and current trends around the epidemiology, the burden of disease, and the preventive measures of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and other respiratory viruses. Research and review papers, as well as viewpoints, are welcome.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Vaccines.

Dr. Marco Del Riccio
Dr. William John Paget
Dr. Saverio Caini
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • respiratory
  • viruses
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • human influenza
  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • vaccines
  • vaccination strategies
  • epidemiology
  • burden of disease

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 5289 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Immunologic and Illness Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children Aged ≥ 5 Years, in a Multisite Longitudinal Cohort
by Cynthia Porter, Zoe L. Lyski, Jennifer L. Uhrlaub, Katherine D. Ellingson, Zuha Jeddy, Lisa Gwynn, Patrick Rivers, Ryan Sprissler, Kurt T. Hegmann, Melissa M. Coughlin, Ashley L. Fowlkes, James Hollister, Lindsay LeClair, Josephine Mak, Shawn C. Beitel, Sammantha Fuller, Pearl Q. Zheng, Molly Vaughan, Ramona P. Rai, Lauren Grant, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Young M. Yoo, Lauren Olsho, Jefferey L. Burgess, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Sarang K. Yoon, Amadea Britton, Manjusha Gaglani, Andrew L. Phillips, Matthew S. Thiese, Melissa Briggs Hagen, Jefferson M. Jones and Karen Lutrickadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Diseases 2024, 12(8), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080171 - 1 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Hybrid immunity, as a result of infection and vaccination to SARS-CoV-2, has been well studied in adults but limited evidence is available in children. We evaluated the antibody responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated children aged ≥ 5 years. Methods: [...] Read more.
Hybrid immunity, as a result of infection and vaccination to SARS-CoV-2, has been well studied in adults but limited evidence is available in children. We evaluated the antibody responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated children aged ≥ 5 years. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study of children aged ≥ 5 was conducted during August 2021–August 2022, at sites in Arizona, Texas, Utah, and Florida. Children submitted weekly nasal swabs for PCR testing and provided sera 14–59 days after PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibodies were measured by ELISA against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and S2 domain of ancestral Spike (WA1), in addition to Omicron (BA.2) RBD, following infection in children, with and without prior monovalent ancestral mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Results: Among the 257 participants aged 5 to 18 years, 166 (65%) had received at least two mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses ≥ 14 days prior to infection. Of these, 53 occurred during Delta predominance, with 37 (70%) unvaccinated at the time of infection. The remaining 204 infections occurred during Omicron predominance, with 53 (26%) participants unvaccinated. After adjusting for weight, age, symptomatic infection, and gender, significantly higher mean RBD AUC values were observed among the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group for both WA1 and Omicron (p < 0.0001). A smaller percentage of vaccinated children reported fever during illness, with 55 (33%) reporting fever compared to 44 (48%) unvaccinated children reporting fever (p = 0.021). Conclusions: Children with vaccine-induced immunity at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher antibody levels during convalescence and experienced less fever compared to unvaccinated children during infection. Full article
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