Announcements

“IoT Solutions with Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Precision Agriculture: Definitions, Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities”
by Elisha Elikem Kofi Senoo, Lia Anggraini, Jacqueline Asor Kumi, Luna Bunga Karolina, Ebenezer Akansah, Hafeez Ayo Sulyman, Israel Mendonça and Masayoshi Aritsugi
Electronics 2024, 13(10),1894; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101894
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/10/1894

“A Systematic Review of Synthetic Data Generation Techniques Using Generative AI”
by Mandeep Goyal and Qusay H. Mahmoud
Electronics 2024, 13(17), 3509; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173509
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/17/3509

“The Challenges of Machine Learning: A Critical Review”
by Enrico Barbierato and Alice Gatti
Electronics 2024, 13(2), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13020416
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/2/416

“Survey on AI Applications for Product Quality Control and Predictive Maintenance in Industry 4.0”
by Tojo Valisoa Andrianandrianina Johanesa, Lucas Equeter and Sidi Ahmed Mahmoudi
Electronics 2024, 13(5), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13050976
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/5/976

“Cardiac Healthcare Digital Twins Supported by Artificial Intelligence-Based Algorithms and Extended Reality—A Systematic Review”
by Zofia Rudnicka, Klaudia Proniewska, Mark Perkins and Agnieszka Pregowska
Electronics 2024, 13(5), 866; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13050866
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/5/866

“Insights into Modern Intrusion Detection Strategies for Internet of Things Ecosystems”
by Bassey Isong, Otshepeng Kgote and Adnan Abu-Mahfouz
Electronics 2024, 13(12), 2370; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13122370
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/12/2370

“Artificial Intelligence-Based Algorithms in Medical Image Scan Segmentation and Intelligent Visual Content Generation—A Concise Overview”
Zofia Rudnicka, Janusz Szczepanski and Agnieszka Pregowska
Electronics 2024, 13(4), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040746
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/4/746

“Hierarchical Text Classification and Its Foundations: A Review of Current Research”
by Alessandro Zangari, Matteo Marcuzzo, Matteo Rizzo, Lorenzo Giudice, Andrea Albarelli and Andrea Gasparetto
Electronics 2024, 13(7), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071199
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/7/1199

“Deep Learning Innovations in Video Classification: A Survey on Techniques and Dataset Evaluations”
by Makara Mao, Ahyoung Lee and Min Hong
Electronics 2024, 13(14), 2732; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142732
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/14/2732  

“Entering the Next Dimension: A Review of 3D User Interfaces for Virtual Reality”
by Adriel Yeo, Benjamin W. J. Kwok, Angelene Joshna, Kan Chen and Jeannie S. A. Lee
Electronics 2024, 13(3), 600; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030600
Full text available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/3/600

We wish to congratulate Dr. Jiakang Zheng for winning the Electronics 2024 Best Ph.D. Thesis Award with his publication “Performance Analysis and Optimization Design of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems”.

Name: Dr. Jiakang Zheng
Affiliation: School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Research interests: MIMO systems; performance analysis; optimization design

The following is an interview with Dr. Jiakang Zheng:

1. Could you please briefly introduce the scientific research you conducted during your doctoral studies?
During my doctoral studies, I focused on the performance analysis and optimization of cell-free massive MIMO systems, which break traditional cell boundaries, increase the number of distributed access points, and leverage macro diversity gains to reduce signal interference and improve both edge user performance and overall network throughput. Specifically, I proposed a cell-free massive MIMO network architecture that is suitable for complex environments to provide continuous and uniform coverage. I also designed reliable channel estimation and efficient transceivers to enable ultra-reliable and low-latency transmission, as well as optimizing flexible interference management and intelligent power allocation schemes to support massive connectivity.

2. Did you encounter any difficulties in carrying out this research? How did you overcome them?
Yes, when I first started working on this research, I was not very familiar with the topic, and a lot of the concepts were hard to grasp. To get up to speed, I often asked my supervisor and senior lab mates for help, and I also collaborated with experts in the field. These experiences really helped me build a solid foundation and gradually gain a deeper understanding.

3. As an author, what aspects of a journal do you value most when choosing a journal to publish your academic work?
When choosing a journal, I mainly look for ones that focus on my research area. I usually prefer journals where most of the papers I read and cite are published. That way, I know my work will be seen by researchers who are really interested in the same topics.

4. Many doctoral students experience pressure to publish papers and worry about delaying graduation. What advice do you have for doctoral students who have not yet graduated?
Doing research takes time. It does not happen all at once. I would say just keep going and do not give up, because if you stick with it, you will see results. It is normal to feel stressed sometimes, but talking to the people around you can really help. A lot of the pressure comes from overthinking and trying to figure everything out on your own. Sometimes, taking a break and focusing on something else can spark new ideas.

As all the articles published in Electronics (ISSN: 2079-9292) are open access, you have free and unlimited access to the full text of all articles. We welcome you to read our most downloaded papers in 2024 in the Section “Artificial Intelligence”, which are listed below.

1. “Intelligent Robotics—A Systematic Review of Emerging Technologies and Trends”
by Josip Tomo Licardo, Mihael Domjan and Tihomir Orehovački
Electronics 2024, 13(3), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030542
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/3/542

2. “Leveraging AI in E-Learning: Personalized Learning and Adaptive Assessment through Cognitive Neuropsychology—A Systematic Analysis”
by Constantinos Halkiopoulos and Evgenia Gkintoni
Electronics 2024, 13(18), 3762; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183762
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/18/3762

3. “A Review of Immersive Technologies, Knowledge Representation, and AI for Human-Centered Digital Experiences”
by Nikolaos Partarakis and Xenophon Zabulis
Electronics 2024, 13(2), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13020269
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/2/269

4. “A Contemporary Survey on Deepfake Detection: Datasets, Algorithms, and Challenges”
by Liang Yu Gong and Xue Jun Li
Electronics 2024, 13(3), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030585
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/3/585

5. “Web Application for Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Implementation and Testing”
by Irina Radeva, Ivan Popchev, Lyubka Doukovska and Miroslava Dimitrova
Electronics 2024, 13(7), 1361; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071361
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/7/1361

6. “IoT-Based Intrusion Detection System Using New Hybrid Deep Learning Algorithm”
by Sami Yaras and Murat Dener
Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1053; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061053
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/6/1053

7. “Framework for Integrating Generative AI in Developing Competencies for Accounting and Audit Professionals”
by Ionuț-Florin Anica-Popa, Marinela Vrîncianu, Liana-Elena Anica-Popa, Irina-Daniela Cișmașu and Cătălin-Georgel Tudor
Electronics 2024, 13(13), 2621; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132621
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/13/2621

8. “Survey of Deep Learning Accelerators for Edge and Emerging Computing”
by Shahanur Alam, Chris Yakopcic, Qing Wu, Mark Barnell, Simon Khan and Tarek M. Taha
Electronics 2024, 13(15), 2988; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13152988
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/15/2988

9. “Multi-Scale Fusion Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle Detection Based on RT-DETR”
by Minling Zhu and En Kong
Electronics 2024, 13(8), 1489; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081489
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/8/1489

10. “Combining Machine Learning and Edge Computing: Opportunities, Challenges, Platforms, Frameworks, and Use Cases”
by Piotr Grzesik and Dariusz Mrozek
Electronics 2024, 13(3), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030640
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/3/640

You are invited to view and submit relevant papers to the journal Electronics.

Electronics Editorial Office

Conference: The 38th International Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition
Organization: The World Electric Vehicle Association (WEVA)
Date: 15–18 June 2025
Place: Gothenburg, Sweden
Booths: C2-03 and A5-04

The International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS) series, organized by the World Electric Vehicle Association (WEVA), is recognized as the premier event for academic, government and industry professionals involved in electric drive technologies.

The EVS series began in 1969 as an academic forum for global networking and the exchange of technical information. As electric drive technologies progressed from classrooms and laboratories to the marketplace, EVS expanded into both an academic and business-oriented event.

The following MDPI journals will be represented at the conference:

• WEVJ;
• Applied Sciences;
• Energies;
• Electricity;
• Batteries;
• Logistics;
• Smart Cities;
• Future Transportation;
• Electronics;
• Inventions;
• Eng;
• Automation;
• Electronic Materials.

If you plan on attending the above conference, please feel free to stop by our booths #C2-03 and #A5-04. Our delegates look forward to meeting you in person to answer any questions that you may have.

For more information about the conference, please click the following link: https://evs38.org/.

The “Microelectronics” Section is dedicated to publishing original research articles and cutting-edge reviews on the applications of microelectronics in emerging and challenging technologies, such as electronics operating in extreme environments, such as a vacuum, space, harsh radiation, extreme cold, and other niche applications, alongside advances in their design.

You have free and unlimited access to the full texts of all open access articles published in Electronics (ISSN: 2079-9292). We welcome you to read our most highly cited papers published in 2024, listed below.

1. “Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvester for Low-Power Applications”
by George Muscalu, Bogdan Firtat, Adrian Anghelescu, Carmen Moldovan, Silviu Dinulescu, Costin Brasoveanu, Magdalena Ekwinska, Dariusz Szmigiel, Michal Zaborowski, Jerzy Zajac et al.
Electronics 2024, 13(11), 2087; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112087
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/11/2087

2. “Full-Custom 90 nm CNTFET Process Design Kit: Characterization, Modeling, and Implementation”
by Liming Chen, Yuyan Zhang, Zhifeng Chen, Jiming Chen, Huangwei Chen, Jianhua Jiang and Chengying Chen
Electronics 2024, 13(3), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030605
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/3/605

3. “Effect of Proton Irradiation on Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes”
by Mingzhu Xun, Yudong Li, Jie Feng, Chengfa He, Mingyu Liu and Qi Guo
Electronics 2024, 13(1), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13010224
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/1/224

4. “Unveiling Acoustic Cavitation Characterization in Opaque Chambers through a Low-Cost Piezoelectric Sensor Approach”
by José Fernandes, Paulo J. Ramísio and Hélder Puga
Electronics 2024, 13(8), 1581; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081581
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/8/1581

5. “Experimental Study of the Impact of Temperature on Atmospheric Neutron-Induced Single Event Upsets in 28 nm Embedded SRAM of SiP”
by Shunshun Zheng, Zhangang Zhang, Jiefeng Ye, Xiaojie Lu, Zhifeng Lei, Zhili Liu, Gaoying Geng, Qi Zhang, Hong Zhang and Hui Li
Electronics 2024, 13(11), 2012; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112012
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/11/2012

6. “Evaluation of a Simplified Modeling Approach for SEE Cross-Section Prediction: A Case Study of SEU on 6T SRAM Cells”
by Cleiton M. Marques, Frédéric Wrobel, Ygor Q. Aguiar, Alain Michez, Frédéric Saigné, Jérôme Boch, Luigi Dilillo and Rubén García Alía
Electronics 2024, 13(10), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101954
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/10/1954

7. “Temperature Dependence of Total Ionizing Dose Effects of β-Ga₂O₃ Schottky Barrier Diodes”
by Weili Fu, Teng Ma, Zhifeng Lei, Chao Peng, Hong Zhang, Zhangang Zhang, Tao Xiao, Hongjia Song, Yuangang Wang, Jinbin Wang et al.
Electronics 2024, 13(11), 2215; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112215
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/11/2215

8. “Analysis of Shielding Performance in Double-Layered Enclosures with Integrated Absorbers”
by Jong Hwa Kwon, Chang-Hee Hyoung and Hyun Ho Park
Electronics 2024, 13(22), 4345; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13224345
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/22/4345

MDPI will be attending the 4th National Conference on Electronic Information Materials and Devices, which will be held in Nanjing, China, from 18 to 20 April 2025. The 4th National Conference on Electronic Information Materials and Devices is a national academic conference organized and initiated by the Expert Committee of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, held once a year, and is an effective platform for academic exchange and the release of new results in the field. The conference aims to gather domestic scientific and technological workers and industrial units to discuss the key, hot, cutting-edge and common scientific issues in the field of research, share the latest results, explore basic research ideas and priority development directions, promote technological progress and industrialization coordination, grasp the development trend of scientific research and industry, and promote industry–university–research contracts and leapfrog development.

The following MDPI journals will be represented:

• Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications;
• Electronic Materials;
• Electronics;
• Hardware;
• Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks;
• Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses;
• Quantum Beam Science;
• AI;
• Chips;
• Photonics;
• Designs;
• Micromachines.

MDPI will be attending the 23rd International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems in Orlando, Florida, USA. The conference will begin on Sunday, 29 June 2025, with short courses providing a scholarly introduction and overview of some selected topics of interest, which will help academics and professionals become familiar with the latest trends in the field; the topics of the short courses will be announced shortly. Conference registration will also open on 29 June, with a welcome reception at which attendees can meet and greet each other at that evening. The conference technical program will begin on the morning of 30 June, with plenary sessions that will then breakout into parallel sessions, industry talks, and poster sessions throughout the duration of the conference. The exhibition portion, which will take place from 30 June through 3 July, is designed to give companies, start-ups, and scientific associations the opportunity to share information about or demonstrate their latest advances, products, and/or services. We welcome you to visit the MDPI booth, number 29, where you can have face-to-face exchanges with our representatives, learn more about our open access publishing services, and receive gifts. The program has been designed to provide plenty of opportunities for technical exchange and professional networking.

The following MDPI journals will be represented at the conference:

• Sensors;
• Micromachines;
• Biosensors;
• JETA;
• Nanomaterials;
• JSAN;
• JLPEA;
• Electronics;
• Biomimetics;
• Nanomanufacturing;
• Chemosensors;
• Acoustics;
• Magnetism.

If you are attending this conference, please feel free to start a conversation with us at our booth. Our delegates look forward to meeting you in person and answering any questions that you may have.

Conference: 2025 International Conference on Intelligent Systems
Date: 19−21 April 2025
Location: Seoul, South Korea

The ISDEA 2025 conference provides an idea-exchange and discussion platform for the world’s engineers and academia to share cutting-edge information, address the hottest issue in Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications, explore new technologies, and exchange and build upon ideas.

MDPI will be attending the conference as exhibitors. We welcome researchers from various backgrounds to visit and share their latest ideas with us.

The following MDPI journals will be represented:

• Electronics;
• Eng;
• Technologies;
• JLPEA;
• AI;
• Signals;
• Smart Cities;
• BDCC;
• Applied Mechanics;
• Machines;
• Biomimetics;
• Designs;
• JETA.

If you plan to attend this conference, please contact us online. Our delegates look forward to meeting you in person at our booth and answering any questions you may have. For more information about the conference, please visit the following website: https://www.isdea.org/.

The “Microwave and Wireless Communications” Section publishes articles on advanced theories and technologies across a wide research spectrum. The scope covers microwave and millimeter wave communication, including radar sensors, from fundamentals to applications, elements, systems, hardware, software, methodological theory, and measurements. Overall, we hope to present state-of-the-art technologies in this Section.

Due to the open access format of Electronics (ISSN: 2079-9292), you have free and unlimited access to all full-text articles in our journal. We welcome you to read the most highly cited papers published in our journal in 2023, listed below.

1. “Analysis of Challenges and Solutions of IoT in Smart Grids Using AI and Machine Learning Techniques: A Review”
by Tehseen Mazhar, Hafiz Muhammad Irfan, Inayatul Haq, Inam Ullah, Madiha Ashraf, Tamara Al Shloul, Yazeed Yasin Ghadi, Imran and Dalia H. Elkamchouchi
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010242
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/1/242

2. “Smart Load-Based Resource Optimization Model to Enhance the Performance of Device-to-Device Communication in 5G-WPAN”
by Jaganathan Logeshwaran, Thangavel Kiruthiga, Raju Kannadasan, Loganathan Vijayaraja, Ali Alqahtani, Nayef Alqahtani and Abdulaziz A. Alsulami
Electronics 2023, 12(8), 1821; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081821
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/8/1821

3. “From 5G to beyond 5G: A Comprehensive Survey of Wireless Network Evolution, Challenges, and Promising Technologies”
by Ali Sufyan, Khan Bahadar Khan, Osama A. Khashan, Talha Mir and Usama Mir
Electronics 2023, 12(10), 2200; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102200
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/10/2200

4. “A Review of Indoor Positioning Systems for UAV Localization with Machine Learning Algorithms”
by Chamali Sandamini, Madduma Wellalage Pasan Maduranga, Valmik Tilwari, Jamaiah Yahaya, Faizan Qamar, Quang Ngoc Nguyen and Siti Rohana Ahmad Ibrahim
Electronics 2023, 12(7), 1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071533
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/7/1533

5. “Effective Resource Allocation Technique to Improve QoS in 5G Wireless Network”
by Ramkumar Jayaraman, Baskar Manickam, Suresh Annamalai, Manoj Kumar, Ashutosh Mishra and Rakesh Shrestha
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020451
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/2/451

6. “A Detailed Survey on Federated Learning Attacks and Defenses”
by Hira Shahzadi Sikandar, Huda Waheed, Sibgha Tahir, Saif U. R. Malik and Waqas Rafique
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020260
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/2/260

7. “A Review on Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems”
by Joumana Kassam, Daniel Castanheira, Adão Silva, Rui Dinis and Atílio Gameiro
Electronics 2023, 12(4), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12041001
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/4/1001

8. “Programmable Beam-Steering Capabilities Based on Graphene Plasmonic THz MIMO Antenna via Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) for IoT Applications”
by Sherif A. Khaleel, Ehab K. I. Hamad, Naser Ojaroudi Parchin and Mohamed B. Saleh
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010164
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/1/164

9. “A Study on Multi-Antenna and Pertinent Technologies with AI/ML Approaches for B5G/6G Networks”
by Maraj Uddin Ahmed Siddiqui, Faizan Qamar, Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi, Rosilah Hassan, Asad Arfeen and Quang Ngoc Nguyen
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010189
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/1/189

10. “Drone Detection Method Based on MobileViT and CA-PANet”
by Qianqing Cheng, Xiuhe Li, Bin Zhu, Yingchun Shi and Bo Xie
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010223
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/1/223

11. “Enhancing Privacy-Preserving Intrusion Detection through Federated Learning”
by Ammar Alazab, Ansam Khraisat, Sarabjot Singh and Tony Jan
Electronics 2023, 12(16), 3382; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12163382
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/16/3382