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Fluids
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Thermal Fluids: Theory and Applications
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Thermal Fluids: Theory and Applications

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521). This special issue belongs to the section "Heat and Mass Transfer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1042

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ziad Saghir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; material science; flow in porous media; biomedical engineering; thermofluid; phase change materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermo-fluid is a field that integrates thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Thermo-fluid systems are fundamental to various engineering applications, from designing heat exchangers and engines to optimizing industrial processes. Topics covered include heat and mass transfer, energy engineering, fluid dynamics processes, flowing soft-matter systems, multi-phase flow, and thermal hydraulic systems. Contributions can be experimental, numerical, or both.

The 16th International Conference on Thermal Engineering (ICTEA, www.ictea.ca) is to be held in Bucharest, Romania, 18-20 June, 2025. The conference covers significant topics related to this Special Issue. Papers attracting the most interest at the conference, or those that provide novel contributions, will be selected for publication in this Special Issue of Fluids. These papers will be peer-reviewed for validation of the research results, developments, and applications.

In addition, submissions from others that are not associated with this conference but with themes focusing on fluid flow and heat transfer are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Ziad Saghir
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fluids is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermodynamics
  • heat and mass transfer
  • computational fluid mechanics
  • porous structure
  • laminar and turbulent flow
  • renewable energy
  • single-phase and two-phase flow

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 371 KB  
Article
Line Thermals from Finite Sources in Neutral and Stable Environments, with Application to Thermal Plumes from Submarines
by Jason H. Middleton
Fluids 2026, 11(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids11030062 - 26 Feb 2026
Viewed by 40
Abstract
The first application of theory of the rise of line thermals was to understand the rise of turbulent smoke plumes emitted from smoke stacks into a cross-wind. Initial solutions required numerical calculations. In this article analytical solutions are found, and these are used [...] Read more.
The first application of theory of the rise of line thermals was to understand the rise of turbulent smoke plumes emitted from smoke stacks into a cross-wind. Initial solutions required numerical calculations. In this article analytical solutions are found, and these are used here to explore solutions for the rise of buoyant line wakes from submarine vehicles. Solutions cater for wakes in both neutral and stable environments, and for sources which have either negative or positive initial buoyancy. Account is also taken of sources with differing size and initial momentum. Practical examples of submarine thermal wake flows are given using neutral and typical stably stratified upper ocean conditions and a range of source conditions. A key result is that small-diameter submarine wakes with high temperatures produced in weakly stratified ocean waters will have a large height of rise, and may easily reach the surface. By contrast, large-source-diameter wakes, with temperatures close to ambient and emitted into strongly stratified oceans, will have very small heights of rise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Fluids: Theory and Applications)
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18 pages, 3889 KB  
Article
Influence of Structural Height on the Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of a Water-Cooled Gyroid Heat Sink
by Mohamad Ziad Saghir and Mohammad Mansur Rahman
Fluids 2026, 11(2), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids11020057 - 19 Feb 2026
Viewed by 175
Abstract
The triply periodic minimal surface structure is receiving significant attention amongst the engineering community. The advantage of using such a structure is its ability to provide lightweight cooling to surfaces. In this paper, attention is drawn to a gyroid structure composed of a [...] Read more.
The triply periodic minimal surface structure is receiving significant attention amongst the engineering community. The advantage of using such a structure is its ability to provide lightweight cooling to surfaces. In this paper, attention is drawn to a gyroid structure composed of a shell network and a solid network, with a porosity of 0.7. Three different flow rates, using water as the circulating fluid, are experimentally applied to cool a square surface with a base of 37.5 mm and a height of 12.7 mm. It was found that this structure provided a high cooling rate, achieving a Nusselt number around 100 with a solid lattice and 160 for a shell lattice. It is also noted that the TPMS area plays a significant role, thereby increasing the cooling rate. When the TPMS height is 90% of the initial height of 12.7 mm, the performance of both structures is found to be well accepted. Pressure drop is reduced, and the heat performance is improved. The circulating flow above the structure marginally reduced the pressure drop. The performance evaluation criteria for the shell network ranged from 95 < PEC to < 225, and for the solid network from 125 < PEC to < 155. The optimization method has been applied across the entire height range using response surface methodology. It is found that the optimum TPMS height is for an aspect ratio of 95.1%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Fluids: Theory and Applications)
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