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Galaxies
Special Issues
Research and Development for Gravitational Wave Detector
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Research and Development for Gravitational Wave Detector

A special issue of Galaxies (ISSN 2075-4434).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 6663

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maddalena Mantovani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
European Gravitational Observatory, 56021 Cascina PI, Italy
Interests: experimental physics: optics; control theory; opto-mechanical system odeling; gravitational physics; astroparticle physics
Dr. Julia Casanueva Diaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
European Gravitational Observatory, 56021 Cascina, PI, Italy
Interests: experimental physics: optics; control theory; opto-mechanical system modeling; gravitational physics; astro-particle physics
Dr. Elisabetta Cesarini

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
Interests: experimental physics; fundamental interactions; gravitational wave physics; thin film physics, mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter; adaptive optics; optical aberration control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The design of gravitational wave detectors and their upgrades is a fundamental phase in the development of gravitational wave science. All the instrumentation and experimental techniques are developed thanks to careful studies based on analytical and simulation works. Moreover, these tools are commonly used to study phenomena observed during the implementation and commissioning phase of the main detectors, to understand the origin, and to predict unexpected effects that may degrade the detector performance. These studies are often fundamental for reaching the sensitivity target.

We would like then, to propose a special issue on simulations and analytical studies done both during the commissioning period of gravitational wave detectors, to better understand their behavior, and during the design of upgrades for the enhancement of the present or future detectors. This special issue will collect all the most relevant studies of this typology performed for the gravitational wave experimental field.

The papers to be accepted in this special issue should cover a wide range of readers in the astrophysical field, including non-specialists, for this reason, the paper should be free from technical terms and acronyms not clearly described.

This Collection will be a summary of high-quality papers from excellent scholars around the world invited by the Editorial Office and the Editor-in-Chief. Both original research articles and comprehensive review papers are welcome. The papers will be published, with full open access after peer review to benefit both authors and readers.

Dr. Maddalena Mantovani
Dr. Julia Casanueva Diaz
Dr. Elisabetta Cesarini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Galaxies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gravitational wave detector design
  • simulation tools
  • optical simulations
  • opto-mechanical simulations
  • analytical studies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4676 KiB  
Article
Simulations for the Locking and Alignment Strategy of the DRMI Configuration of the Advanced Virgo Plus Detector
by Diego Bersanetti, Mattia Boldrini, Julia Casanueva Diaz, Andreas Freise, Riccardo Maggiore, Maddalena Mantovani and Michele Valentini
Galaxies 2022, 10(6), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10060115 - 9 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1375
Abstract
The Advanced Virgo Plus project aims to increase the sensitivity of the Virgo gravitational-wave detector, given the forthcoming O4 Observing Run. One of the major upgrades is the addition of the Signal Recycling Mirror in the optical layout. This additional mirror will provide [...] Read more.
The Advanced Virgo Plus project aims to increase the sensitivity of the Virgo gravitational-wave detector, given the forthcoming O4 Observing Run. One of the major upgrades is the addition of the Signal Recycling Mirror in the optical layout. This additional mirror will provide a broadband improvement to the sensitivity curve of the instrument, but poses significant challenges in the acquisition and operation of the detector’s working point. The process which brings the main optical components from the uncontrolled state to the final working point, which ensures the best detector sensitivity, is called lock acquisition: the lock acquisition is made by moving through increasingly more complex configurations toward the full control of all the interferometer’s longitudinal degrees of freedom. This paper will focus on the control of the Dual-Recycled Michelson Interferometer (DRMI, the central part of the Virgo interferometer), presenting a comprehensive study of the optical simulations used in the design and the commissioning of this configuration. Treated topics include: the characterization of optical fields, powers, and error signals for the controls; the development of a trigger logic to be used for the lock acquisition; the study of the alignment sensing and control system. The interdependence between the three items has also been studied. Moreover, the validity of the studied techniques will be assessed by a comparison with experimental data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Development for Gravitational Wave Detector)
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14 pages, 1574 KiB  
Article
Determination of the Stray Light-Induced Noise from the Baffle in the Cryogenic Trapping Area of Advanced Virgo in O5
by Alba Romero-Rodríguez, Mario Martínez, Lluïsa M. Mir and Hiroaki Yamamoto
Galaxies 2022, 10(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10040086 - 2 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1684
Abstract
As part of the Advanced Virgo upgrade for the O5 observation run in 2026, a more powerful laser and larger end mirrors in the Fabry–Perot cavities will be installed. The new optical configuration will increase the laser beam waist in the cryogenic trapping [...] Read more.
As part of the Advanced Virgo upgrade for the O5 observation run in 2026, a more powerful laser and larger end mirrors in the Fabry–Perot cavities will be installed. The new optical configuration will increase the laser beam waist in the cryogenic trapping area close to the end towers. This could require enlarging the apertures in the vacuum pipe, now dictated by the presence of a baffle, in order to avoid beam clipping and noise due to coupling with baffle vibrations, potentially leading to a significant background to the gravitational-wave signals. This is a delicate operation that would require displacing the cryotrap and the end tower. In this study, we compute the expected back-scattering from the existing cryogenic trap baffle and compare it to the expected Virgo sensitivity in O5 to determine whether the existing hardware configuration constitutes a threat for the future performance of the detector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Development for Gravitational Wave Detector)
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22 pages, 2953 KiB  
Article
Lightsaber: A Simulator of the Angular Sensing and Control System in LIGO
by Tomislav Andric and Jan Harms
Galaxies 2021, 9(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies9030061 - 5 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2451
Abstract
The suspended test masses of gravitational-wave (GW) detectors require precise alignment to be able to operate the detector stably and with high sensitivity. This includes the continuous counter-acting of seismic disturbances, which, below a few Hertz, are not sufficiently reduced by the seismic [...] Read more.
The suspended test masses of gravitational-wave (GW) detectors require precise alignment to be able to operate the detector stably and with high sensitivity. This includes the continuous counter-acting of seismic disturbances, which, below a few Hertz, are not sufficiently reduced by the seismic isolation system. The residual angular motion of suspended test masses is further suppressed by the Angular Sensing and Control (ASC) system. However, in doing so, the angular motion can be enhanced by the ASC at higher frequencies where the seismic isolation system is very effective. This has led to sensitivity limitations between about 10 Hz and 25 Hz of the LIGO detectors in past observation runs. The observed ASC noise was larger than simple models predict, which means that more accurate detector models and new simulation tools are required. In this article, we present Lightsaber, a new time-domain simulator of the ASC in LIGO. Lightsaber is a nonlinear simulation of the optomechanical system consisting of the high-power cavity laser beam and the last two stages of suspension in LIGO including the ASC. The main noise inputs are power fluctuations of the laser beam at the input of the arm cavities, read-out noise of sensors used for the ASC, displacement noise from the suspension platforms, and noise introduced by the suspension damping loops. While the plant simulation uses local degrees of freedom of individual suspension systems, the control is applied on a global angular basis, which requires a conversion between the local and global bases for sensing and actuation. Some of the studies that can be done with this simulation concern mis-centering of the beam-spot (BS) position on the test masses, the role of laser power fluctuations for angular dynamics, and the role of the various nonlinear dynamics. The next important step following this work will be a detailed comparison between Lightsaber results and data from the control channels of the LIGO detectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Development for Gravitational Wave Detector)
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