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Gastrointestinal Disorders
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Factors Affecting Disease Activity in Children and Adults with Inflammatory...
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Factors Affecting Disease Activity in Children and Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Exploration of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Elements

A special issue of Gastrointestinal Disorders (ISSN 2624-5647).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 3674

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Angharad Hurley (Vernon-Roberts)

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
Interests: paediatric; inflammatory bowel disease; functional gastrointestinal disorders; coeliac disease; outcome meausures; non-clinical outcomes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Andrew Day

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch Hospital, University of Otago, Christchurch 4710, New Zealand
Interests: inflammatory bowel disease; coeliac disease; improving Crohn’s outcomes; intestinal inflammatory biomarkers; nutritional aspects of gut diseases; host–pathogen interactions in the gut (and how these relate to chronic gut diseases)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For children and adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the overarching aim of management is the induction and maintenance of remission, preferably with mucosal healing.  However, the disease course for each individual with IBD is unique and many different factors may increase clinical disease activity or prove to be beneficial (with improved activity or the prevention of relapse). This Special Issue provides a broad remit to discuss traditional and nuanced studies that explore well-known or little-known factors that could influence disease activity for those with IBD. Papers may report on anti-inflammatory factors that could include novel therapies, exercise, food and nutrition, complementary and alternative medicines, or traditional treatments. Work reporting pro-inflammatory factors may include psychosocial and environmental variables, drug interactions, or comorbid conditions. We welcome original studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, case-reports, and scoping reviews.

Dr. Angharad Hurley (Vernon-Roberts)
Prof. Dr. Andrew Day
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gastrointestinal Disorders is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • disease activity
  • flare
  • remission
  • disease exacerbation
  • symptoms
  • clinical inflammation
  • triggers
  • pro-inflammatory
  • anti-inflammatory

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1351 KiB  
Article
Adipokines as Possible Players in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Electrophysiological Evaluation of Their Role in Causing Functional Gastrointestinal Alterations in Murine Tissue
by Rachele Garella, Francesco Palmieri and Roberta Squecco
Gastrointest. Disord. 2024, 6(2), 513-525; https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord6020035 - 7 Jun 2024
Viewed by 435
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a clinical condition of the gastrointestinal tract that has significant incidence in childhood. Major symptoms include abdominal pain, dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, anorexia, diarrhea and weight loss. IBD etiopathogenesis is multifactorial, with a proven involvement of cytokines. In [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a clinical condition of the gastrointestinal tract that has significant incidence in childhood. Major symptoms include abdominal pain, dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, anorexia, diarrhea and weight loss. IBD etiopathogenesis is multifactorial, with a proven involvement of cytokines. In this regard, cytokines like resistin and adiponectin produced by adipose tissue play a crucial role in inflammation. Particularly, resistin seems related to IBD severity and is considered a promising marker of disease occurrence and progression. Unraveling its mechanism of action and downstream effectors is mandatory when designing novel therapies. This preclinical study aims to further elucidate the action of resistin in causing functional gastrointestinal alterations, comparing it with the well-defined effect of adiponectin. To this end, we carried out electrophysiological analysis on murine gastric fundus. We found that resistin, similarly to adiponectin, increases smooth muscle cell (SMC) capacitance, indicative of cell surface remodeling, which is consistent with relaxation. However, contrary to adiponectin, resistin unalters membrane potential and inward Ca2+ entry and scarcely affects outward current, suggesting its inefficacy in markedly modifying electrical phenomena on the SMC membrane. This outcome, supporting the role of resistin in gastrointestinal distention, as observed in IBD, rules out a strikingly direct effect on SMCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Affecting Disease Activity in Children and Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Exploration of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Elements)
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Review

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8 pages, 231 KiB  
Review
Rising Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Asian Subcontinent—An Exploration of Causative Factors
by Priyansh Bhayani, Kartik Natarajan and Nayantara Coelho-Prabhu
Gastrointest. Disord. 2024, 6(2), 549-556; https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord6020038 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 588
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a global health problem with a worldwide increase in incidence. While previously it was more prevalent in Western countries, especially in North America and Europe, there has been a recent [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a global health problem with a worldwide increase in incidence. While previously it was more prevalent in Western countries, especially in North America and Europe, there has been a recent sizeable increase in the incidence of IBD in Asia. This article is a brief overview of the causative factors that contribute to this rise in IBD cases in Asian countries. There is a notable disparity between the Asian IBD population and the Western one in terms of age distribution and gender predilection, and genetic studies reveal both shared and unique susceptibility loci. Changes in environmental factors, including alterations in diet, hygiene, and lifestyle, are thought to play a key role in the epidemiological transition observed in Asia. It is crucial to comprehend how genetic predisposition interacts with environmental factors in order to understand the causes of IBD in the Asian population and develop precise interventions to alleviate its impact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Affecting Disease Activity in Children and Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Exploration of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Elements)
15 pages, 1219 KiB  
Review
Role of IL-33/ST2 Pathway in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview and Future Perspectives
by Walter Giordano, Gabriele Ricciardi, Marco Casciaro, Vincenzo Fiorentino, Cristina Pizzimenti, Anna Viola, Maurizio Martini, Giovanni Tuccari and Antonio Ieni
Gastrointest. Disord. 2024, 6(2), 446-460; https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord6020030 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 1019
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a heterogenous and complex group of idiopathic chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract and other extraintestinal systems with rising global incidences. The interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors contributes to its pathogenesis. Among the key cytokines [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a heterogenous and complex group of idiopathic chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract and other extraintestinal systems with rising global incidences. The interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors contributes to its pathogenesis. Among the key cytokines implicated in IBD molecular alterations, IL-33 stands out for its multifaceted roles in both pathogenesis and repair mechanisms. IL-33, known for its action in initiating immune responses, is closely associated with Th2 immunity and is considered a potent inflammatory factor with dual functions, acting both as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a transcriptional regulator. Primarily expressed by non-hematopoietic cells in the gastrointestinal tract, IL-33 interacts with its receptor, ST2, to modulate immune responses. In IBD, dysregulated IL-33 expression exacerbates mucosal inflammation, compromising barrier integrity and promoting tissue damage and fibrosis. Additionally, IL-33 plays a complex role in IBD-related colorectal cancer (CRC), affecting tumor progression and angiogenesis. This review summarizes the multifaceted roles of IL-33 in gastrointestinal health and disease, emphasizing its significance in the pathogenesis of IBD and CRC. Moreover, we thought it of interest to provide new insights into potential therapeutic avenues targeting IL-33 signaling for the management of these debilitating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Affecting Disease Activity in Children and Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Exploration of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Elements)
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15 pages, 1084 KiB  
Review
Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Sepsis
by Emilio Jirillo, Skender Topi, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Luigi Santacroce, Elona Gaxhja and Marica Colella
Gastrointest. Disord. 2024, 6(2), 431-445; https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord6020029 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 1101
Abstract
A severe condition of sepsis can be a complication of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which can occur in premature infants and becomes a medical challenge in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It is a multifactorial intestinal disease (can affect both the small and [...] Read more.
A severe condition of sepsis can be a complication of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which can occur in premature infants and becomes a medical challenge in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It is a multifactorial intestinal disease (can affect both the small and large intestine) that can lead to ischemia of the intestinal tissues that evolves into acute organ necrosis. One of these factors is that different types of nutrition can influence the onset or the progression of the disease. Cow-milk-based infant formulas have been shown to cause it in premature infants more frequently than human milk. Recently, nutrition has been shown to be beneficial after surgery. Several issues still under study, such as the pathogenesis and the insufficient and often difficult therapeutic approach, as well as the lack of a common and effective prevention strategy, make this disease an enigma in daily clinical practice. Recent studies outlined the emerging role of the host immune system and resident gut microbiota, showing their close connection in NEC pathophysiology. In its initial stages, broad-spectrum antibiotics, bowel rest, and breastfeeding are currently used, as well as probiotics to help the development of the intestinal microbiota and its eubiosis. This paper aims to present the current knowledge and potential fields of research in NEC pathophysiology and therapeutic assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Affecting Disease Activity in Children and Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Exploration of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Elements)
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