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Gels
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Chitosan-Based Gels
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Chitosan-Based Gels

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 20402

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Shulin Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Interests: biomaterials; recombinant collagen; bioengineering; porous scaffolds; electrospinning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Irene S. Fahim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, The Nile University, Nile Avenue, 116453 Giza, Egypt
Interests: biocomposites; tensile strength; chitosan
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer produced as the deacetylated derivative of chitin, and it is considered to be the second-most abundant natural polymer after cellulose. Due to its cytocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, wound healing support, and bacteriostatic effects, chitosan has been processed in various forms such as fibers, sponges, membranes and hydrogels to mimic original tissues or tissue–biomaterial interfaces. Studies have also found chitosan and materials based on chitosan had the ability to promote cell infiltration, increase ECM deposition, maintain homeostasis and support angiogenesis in tissue engineering. Specifically, chitosan-based hydrogels have been developed for use as cell or drug carriers and they have shown promising results in tissue regeneration and drug-release studies.

This Special Issue will focus on the latest developments of chitosan-based hydrogels in the field of biomaterials and tissue engineering. Considering your significant contribution in this popular research topic, we would like to cordially invite you to submit a research article or a comprehensive review to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Shulin Yang
Dr. Irene S. Fahim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gels is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chitosan
  • hydrogels
  • tissue engineering
  • drug releasing
  • scaffolds
  • biocompatibility
  • crosslinking
  • biomedical applications
  • tissue regenerations

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2865 KiB  
Article
Ginger Essential Oil as an Active Addition to Composite Chitosan Films: Development and Characterization
by Sawsan Ali Al-Hilifi, Rawdah Mahmood Al-Ali and Anka Trajkovska Petkoska
Gels 2022, 8(6), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8060327 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2942
Abstract
The recent interest in food biopackaging is showing an increasing trend, especially in the development of antimicrobial coatings and films. The focus of this study is to assess the potential application of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO) to polysaccharide films based [...] Read more.
The recent interest in food biopackaging is showing an increasing trend, especially in the development of antimicrobial coatings and films. The focus of this study is to assess the potential application of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO) to polysaccharide films based on chitosan (CHf) and their utilization as an active edible packaging. The films were characterized by different instrumental techniques, and data indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the chemical composition of the samples. Forty-seven active compounds from ginger rhizomes were identified in the examined essential oil by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR) confirmed an interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the phenolic compounds of the essential oil and the amine groups of the bioactive matrix, as shown by the peaks at wavenumbers 1639 cm−1 and 1558 cm−1. X-ray diffraction data suggested a lower crystallinity in the CHf due to the addition of GEO. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis revealed that the CHf possessed high thermal stability, especially when different concentrations of GEO were added. The bioactive CHf showed distinct activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thus improving the antimicrobial activity to these films. The results provide a comprehensive insight into the importance of films with incorporated EOs as novel types of active food packaging. Antimicrobial food packaging is one of the most promising kinds of active packaging, and acts to reduce, inhibit, or retard any microorganism growth that could contaminate packaged food items. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan-Based Gels)
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19 pages, 5062 KiB  
Article
Crisaborole Loaded Nanoemulsion Based Chitosan Gel: Formulation, Physicochemical Characterization and Wound Healing Studies
by Mohd Nazam Ansari, Gamal A. Soliman, Najeeb Ur Rehman and Md. Khalid Anwer
Gels 2022, 8(5), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050318 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2852
Abstract
The development of an effective gel capable of treating eczema remains a challenge in medicine. Because of its greater retention in the affected area, good absorption of wound exudates, and induction of cell growth, nanogel is widely investigated as a topical preparation. Chitosan [...] Read more.
The development of an effective gel capable of treating eczema remains a challenge in medicine. Because of its greater retention in the affected area, good absorption of wound exudates, and induction of cell growth, nanogel is widely investigated as a topical preparation. Chitosan gel based on nanoemulsions has received much attention for its use in wound healing. In this study, four formulae (CRB-NE1-CRB-NE4) of crisaborole-loaded nanoemulsions (CRB-NEs) were developed using lauroglycol 90 as an oil, Tween-80 as a surfactant, and transcutol-HP (THP) as a co-surfactant. The prepared NEs (CRB-NE1-CRB-NE4) were evaluated for their physicochemical properties. Based on vesicle size (64.5 ± 5.3 nm), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.202 ± 0.06), zeta potential (ZP, −36.3 ± 4.16 mV), refractive index (RI, 1.332 ± 0.03), and percent transmittance (% T, 99.8 ± 0.12) was optimized and further incorporated into chitosan (2%, w/w) polymeric gels. The CRB-NE1-loaded chitosan gel was then evaluated for its drug content, spreadability, in-vitro release, flux, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory studies. The CRB-NE1-loaded chitosan gel exhibited a flux of 0.211 mg/cm2/h, a drug release of 74.45 ± 5.4% CRB released in 24 h with a Korsmeyer-Peppas mechanism release behavior. The CRB-NE1-loaded gel exhibited promising wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan-Based Gels)
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12 pages, 1979 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Chitosan/Recombinant Human Collagen-Based Photo-Responsive Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting
by Yang Yang, Zixun Wang, Yuanyuan Xu, Jingjing Xia, Zhaoxian Xu, Shuai Zhu and Mingjie Jin
Gels 2022, 8(5), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050314 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3341
Abstract
Collagen and chitosan are frequently used natural biomaterials in tissue engineering. However, most collagen is derived from animal tissue, with inconsistent quality and pathogen transmittance risks. In this context, we aimed to use a reliable Type-III recombinant human collagen (RHC) as an alternative [...] Read more.
Collagen and chitosan are frequently used natural biomaterials in tissue engineering. However, most collagen is derived from animal tissue, with inconsistent quality and pathogen transmittance risks. In this context, we aimed to use a reliable Type-III recombinant human collagen (RHC) as an alternative biomaterial together with chitosan to develop novel photo-responsive bioinks for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. RHC was modified with methacrylic anhydride to obtain the RHC methacryloyl (RHCMA) and mixed with acidified chitosan (CS) to form composites CS-RHCMA. The characterizations demonstrated that the mechanical properties and the degradation of the bioinks were tunable by introducing the CS. The printabilities improved by adding CS to RHCMA, and various structures were constructed via extrusion-based 3D printing successfully. Moreover, in vitro tests confirmed that these CS-RHCMA bioinks were biocompatible as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were sustained within the constructs post-printing. The results from the current study illustrated a well-established bioinks system with the potential to construct different tissues through 3D bioprinting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan-Based Gels)
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17 pages, 5189 KiB  
Article
Development of Apremilast Nanoemulsion-Loaded Chitosan Gels: In Vitro Evaluations and Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Studies on a Rat Model
by Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed, Md. Khalid Anwer, Farhat Fatima, Amer S. Alali, Mohd Abul Kalam, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Sultan Alshehri and Mohammed M. Ghoneim
Gels 2022, 8(5), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050253 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4193
Abstract
Apremilast (APL) has profound anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity, alongside other dermal care. This study aims to develop APL-loaded NEs (ANE1-ANE5) using eucalyptus oil (EO) as the oil and Tween-80 and transcutol-HP (THP) as a surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The prepared NEs were [...] Read more.
Apremilast (APL) has profound anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity, alongside other dermal care. This study aims to develop APL-loaded NEs (ANE1-ANE5) using eucalyptus oil (EO) as the oil and Tween-80 and transcutol-HP (THP) as a surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The prepared NEs were then evaluated based on mean droplet size (12.63 ± 1.2 nm), PDI (0.269 ± 0.012), ZP (−23.00 ± 5.86), RI (1.315 ± 0.02), and %T (99.89 ± 0.38) and ANE4 was optimized. Further, optimized NEs (ANE4) were incorporated into chitosan gel (2%, w/v). The developed ANE4-loaded chitosan gel was then evaluated for pH, spreadability, in vitro diffusion, and wound healing and anti-inflammatory studies. Moreover, in vivo studies denoted improved anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity and represented a decrease in wound size percentage (99.68 ± 0.345%) for the APNE2 gel test compared to a negative control (86.48 ± 0.87%) and standard control (92.82 ± 0.34%). Thus, the formulation of ANE4-loaded chitosan gels is an efficient topical treatment strategy for inflammatory and wound healing conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan-Based Gels)
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28 pages, 12863 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels: Rheological and Texture Properties and Ibuprofen Release
by Veronika Mikušová, Jarmila Ferková, Dominika Žigrayová, Daniel Krchňák and Peter Mikuš
Gels 2022, 8(3), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8030168 - 7 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3353
Abstract
Polysaccharides are attractive gelling agents in pharmacy due to their safety, biocompatibility, biodegradability, relatively easy way of preparation, and low price. Due to their variable physical-chemical properties, polysaccharides have potentialities to be used for designing new drug delivery systems for controlled drug release. [...] Read more.
Polysaccharides are attractive gelling agents in pharmacy due to their safety, biocompatibility, biodegradability, relatively easy way of preparation, and low price. Due to their variable physical-chemical properties, polysaccharides have potentialities to be used for designing new drug delivery systems for controlled drug release. In this comparative study, rheological and texture properties as well as the in vitro release of model drug ibuprofen (IBU) with 11 polysaccharide-based hydrogels were investigated. The in vitro release of IBU significantly differed between (i) neutral (hydroxy/alkylcelluloses), (ii) anionic (carboxyalkylcellulose and its sodium salt, tragacanth, carrageenan, xanthan gum), and (iii) cationic (chitosans) hydrogels due to different contribution of provided interactions and viscosity within the hydrogel groups. The drug release kinetics of each hydrogel system was evaluated for five kinetic models. Several combinations of cationic hydrogels with neutral or anionic ones were performed to illustrate possibilities of providing modified IBU release profiles. In this context, chitosan was presented as an effective modifier of diffusion profiles for negatively charged drugs formulated into combined polymeric systems, providing their prolonged release. The most appropriate hydrogel for the topical application (i.e., providing favorable rheological and texture properties along with the highest drug release) was selected from a studied series of polysaccharide-based hydrogels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan-Based Gels)
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13 pages, 6557 KiB  
Article
Chitosan Based Aerogels with Low Shrinkage by Chemical Cross-Linking and Supramolecular Interaction
by Sizhao Zhang, Qi Xiao, Yunyun Xiao, Zhengquan Li, Shixian Xiong, Feng Ding and Junpeng He
Gels 2022, 8(2), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8020131 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2801
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) aerogel is a new type of functional material that could be possibly applied in the thermal insulation field, especially in energy-saving buildings. However, the inhibition method for the very big shrinkage of CTS aerogels from the final gel to the aerogel [...] Read more.
Chitosan (CTS) aerogel is a new type of functional material that could be possibly applied in the thermal insulation field, especially in energy-saving buildings. However, the inhibition method for the very big shrinkage of CTS aerogels from the final gel to the aerogel is challenging, causing great difficulty in achieving a near-net shape of CTS aerogels. Here, this study explored a facile strategy for restraining CTS-based aerogels’ inherent shrinkage depending on the chemical crosslinking and the interpenetrated supramolecular interaction by introducing nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains. The effects of different aspect ratios of NFC on the CTS-based aerogels were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the optimal aspect ratio for NFC introduction was 37.5 from the comprehensive property perspective. CTS/PVA/NFC hybrid aerogels with the aspect ratio of 37.5 for NFC gained a superior thermal conductivity of 0.0224 W/m• K at ambient atmosphere (the cold surface temperature was only 33.46 °C, despite contacting the hot surface of 80.46 °C), a low density of 0.09 g/cm3, and a relatively high compressive stress of 0.51 MPa at 10% strain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan-Based Gels)
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