Molecular Diagnostics for Cancer Treatment

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2024) | Viewed by 1979

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Tissue Diagnostics, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
Interests: molecular diagnostics; biomarkers; digital pathology; telemedicine; artificial intelligence in pathology

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Guest Editor
Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
Interests: molecular pathology; translational cancer research; bioinformatics; thoracic oncology; biomarkers; cellular signaling; tumor microenvironment
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Revolutionary progress has been achieved in tumor therapy over the last 15 years. The detection and exact characterization of genetic changes have successfully been introduced in routine cancer treatment, serving as basis for the prediction of the therapeutic success of certain drugs.

With ongoing knowledge about mechanisms of tumor growth, the number of drugs potentially effective is growing exponentially. The same is true for the methods necessary to detect genetic changes as a basis for these novel treatments.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the developments made in methods capable of coping with the various needs of molecular diagnostics in routine care and their successful clinical application in cancer treatment. Any methods suitable to support molecular diagnostics in cancer (detection and treatment) are of interest. For clinical studies, it is important that the papers highlight the underlying molecular basis of the clinical findings.

In addition to studies dealing with already approved methods, this Special Issue is open for the submission of papers dealing with methods on the edge of being included in clinical decision making, such as single cell sequencing, AI-based decision support systems dealing with sequencing results, etc.

We solicit all types of papers with a clear focus on molecular diagnostics in the field of cancer treatment, including reviews, original articles, short communications, and case reports. The latter should include a prominent methods section describing the contribution of molecular diagnostics within the case presented.

Prof. Dr. Thomas Mairinger
Dr. Fabian Dominik Mairinger
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • precision medicine
  • molecular diagnostics
  • molecular tumor profiling
  • tumor biology
  • cancer treatment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1899 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts on the Biology and Progression of Colorectal Carcinomas
by Larissa Maria Henrich, Kristina Greimelmaier, Michael Wessolly, Nick Alexander Klopp, Elena Mairinger, Yvonne Krause, Sophia Berger, Jeremias Wohlschlaeger, Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus, Hideo Andreas Baba, Fabian Dominik Mairinger and Sabrina Borchert
Genes 2024, 15(2), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020209 - 6 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1744
Abstract
(1) Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of CRC’s tumour microenvironment (TME), but their biological background and interplay with the TME remain poorly understood. This study investigates CAF biology and its impact [...] Read more.
(1) Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of CRC’s tumour microenvironment (TME), but their biological background and interplay with the TME remain poorly understood. This study investigates CAF biology and its impact on CRC progression. (2) The cohort comprises 155 cases, including CRC, with diverse localizations, adenomas, inflammations, and controls. Digital gene expression analysis examines genes associated with signalling pathways (MAPK, PI3K/Akt, TGF-β, WNT, p53), while next-generation sequencing (NGS) determines CRC mutational profiles. Immunohistochemical FAP scoring assesses CAF density and activity. (3) FAP expression is found in 81 of 150 samples, prevalent in CRC (98.4%), adenomas (27.5%), and inflammatory disease (38.9%). Several key genes show significant associations with FAP-positive fibroblasts. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) highlights PI3K and MAPK pathway enrichment alongside the activation of immune response pathways like natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated cytotoxicity via CAFs. (4) The findings suggest an interplay between CAFs and cancer cells, influencing growth, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and immunogenicity. Notably, TGF-β, CDKs, and the Wnt pathway are affected. In conclusion, CAFs play a significant role in CRC and impact the TME throughout development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Diagnostics for Cancer Treatment)
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