Genetics and Transcriptomics of Medicinal Plants

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2023) | Viewed by 4994

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Guest Editor
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Interests: secondary metabolites; gene expression; plant tissue culture; abiotic stress; molecular breeding
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Department of Cereal Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran
Interests: molecular breeding; abiotic stresses; genetic diversity; wheat and barley germplasms; plant physiology
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Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
Interests: plant breeding; abiotic stresses; plant genetic resources
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Medicinal plants have a long history of use all around the world. Nevertheless, medicinal plants still have a hopeful future, as many species have not yet been studied or remain to be more deeply investigated as regards both their chemical constituents and biological properties.

In recent years, due to their commercial importance and increasing demand, research on the genetics and breeding of medicinal plants has gradually increased and made some progress. However, much work remains to be conducted to explore the functions of genes, regulatory mechanisms, and signaling pathways for stimulating the development of breeding technologies in order to improve traits. Various technologies, genomics, transcriptomics, etc., have been utilized to determine gene functions. These advances have created new opportunities for plant breeding programs to accelerate their genetic gain rates. However, the use of these technologies in the breeding of medicinal plants has been limited, and there is still a lot of room to improve breeding development, detect the biological functions, and identify technological applications in medicinal plants.

Therefore, in this Special Issue, we invite researchers to share their findings on all aspects of molecular biology, genetic diversity, plant tissue culture, biological activity, and regulatory issues related to medicinal plants.

Dr. Farzad Kianersi
Dr. Parviz Heidari
Dr. Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Majidi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • medicinal plants
  • abiotic and biotic stress
  • transcriptomic
  • functional genomics
  • enzyme activity
  • phytochemicals
  • gene discovery
  • genetic diversity
  • phylogenetic relationship
  • gene expression assay

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 7478 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Catalpol Biosynthesis in the Medicinal Plant Rehmannia glutinosa and the Functional Characterization of RgGES Genes
by Yuanjun Li, Xiaoru Zhai, Ligang Ma, Le Zhao, Na An, Weisheng Feng, Longyu Huang and Xiaoke Zheng
Genes 2024, 15(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020155 - 24 Jan 2024
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Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa, a member of the Scrophulariaceae family, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. The main bioactive component of R. glutinosa is catalpol. However, the biogenesis of catalpol, especially its downstream pathway, remains unclear. To identify candidate [...] Read more.
Rehmannia glutinosa, a member of the Scrophulariaceae family, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. The main bioactive component of R. glutinosa is catalpol. However, the biogenesis of catalpol, especially its downstream pathway, remains unclear. To identify candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of catalpol, transcriptomes were constructed from R. glutinosa using the young leaves of three cultivars, Beijing No. 3, Huaifeng, and Jin No. 9, as well as the tuberous roots and adventitious roots of the Jin No. 9 cultivar. As a result, 71,142 unigenes with functional annotations were generated. A comparative analysis of the R. glutinosa transcriptomes identified over 200 unigenes of 13 enzymes potentially involved in the downstream steps of catalpol formation, including 9 genes encoding UGTs, 13 for aldehyde dehydrogenases, 70 for oxidoreductases, 44 for CYP450s, 22 for dehydratases, 30 for decarboxylases, 19 for hydroxylases, and 10 for epoxidases. Moreover, two novel genes encoding geraniol synthase (RgGES), which is the first committed enzyme in catalpol production, were cloned from R. glutinosa. The purified recombinant proteins of RgGESs effectively converted GPP to geraniol. This study is the first to discover putative genes coding the tailoring enzymes mentioned above in catalpol biosynthesis, and functionally characterize the enzyme-coding gene in this pathway in R. glutinosa. The results enrich genetic resources for engineering the biosynthetic pathway of catalpol and iridoids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Transcriptomics of Medicinal Plants)
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24 pages, 9131 KiB  
Article
Identifying Genes Associated with Female Flower Development of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Using a Transcriptomics Approach
by Lihong He, Yongfang Fan, Zhao Zhang, Xueping Wei and Jing Yu
Genes 2023, 14(3), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14030661 - 6 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2655
Abstract
Phellodendron amurense Rupr., a species of Rutaceae, is a nationally protected and valuable medicinal plant. It is generally considered to be dioecious. With the discovery of monoecious P. amurense, the phenomenon that its sex development is regulated by epigenetics has been revealed, [...] Read more.
Phellodendron amurense Rupr., a species of Rutaceae, is a nationally protected and valuable medicinal plant. It is generally considered to be dioecious. With the discovery of monoecious P. amurense, the phenomenon that its sex development is regulated by epigenetics has been revealed, but the way epigenetics affects the sex differentiation of P. amurense is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of DNA methylation on the sexual development of P. amurense. The young inflorescences of male plants were treated with the demethylation agent 5-azaC, and the induced female flowers were obtained. The induced female flowers’ morphological functions and transcriptome levels were close to those of normally developed plants. Genes associated with the development of female flowers were studied by comparing the differences in transcriptome levels between the male and female flowers. Referring to sex-related genes reported in other plants, 188 candidate genes related to the development of female flowers were obtained, including sex-regulating genes, genes related to the formation and development of sexual organs, genes related to biochemical pathways, and hormone-related genes. RPP0W, PAL3, MCM2, MCM6, SUP, PIN1, AINTEGUMENTA, AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6, AGL11, SEUSS, SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE 5, and ESR2 were preliminarily considered the key genes for female flower development. This study has demonstrated that epigenetics was involved in the sex regulation of P. amurense, with DNA methylation as one of its regulatory modes. Moreover, some candidate genes related to the sexual differentiation of P. amurense were obtained with analysis. These results are of great significance for further exploring the mechanism of sex differentiation of P. amurense and studying of sex differentiation of plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Transcriptomics of Medicinal Plants)
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